Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Daniel Chapter 3 mean?

Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah were among those captured from Judah to serve the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 1:1–6). They were given Babylonian names: Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:7). After God intervened to reveal the king’s dream, through Daniel (Daniel 2:17–20), the Hebrews were given promotions (Daniel 2:46–49).

Chapter 3 contains the famous story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and their rescue from a blazing furnace. This is part of the Old Testament recorded in Aramaic rather than Hebrew (Daniel 2:4—7:28), emphasizing its relevance to the non-Jewish nations of the world. The passage is filled with obvious repetition. This seems to be a poetic reference to the bureaucratic, overbearing nature of Nebuchadnezzar’s kingdom. Daniel exactly repeats the roster of government officials (Daniel 3:2–3), gives the same list of instruments four times (Daniel 3:5, 7, 10, 15), describes the execution device as a “burning fiery furnace” eight times (Daniel 3:6, 11, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26) and refers to the three Hebrew men with the exact phrase “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego” thirteen times (Daniel 3:12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30).

In Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, he saw a golden head representing himself as the leader of Babylon (Daniel 2:36–38). This may have inspired him to commission the object at the center of this chapter’s events. He commands the building of a large golden idol. This might have been a statue, or an obelisk, or some other shape. The king calls representatives from government offices all over Babylon to participate in the idol’s introduction (Daniel 3:1–2).

The king commands all those in attendance to bow and worship this image upon hearing a certain musical cue. The list of instruments seems to imply a wide variety of styles. Likewise, the assembled officials represent their varied territories and people. Babylon’s conquering influence extended over many regions and cultures. That control demanded obedience, so the king threatens a gruesome death to anyone who disobeys this order (Daniel 3:3–7).

Loyalty and submission were likely the main purpose of this golden idol. In Babylonian society, there were many gods. The idea of worshipping more than one deity was considered normal. By creating this image, Nebuchadnezzar was probably proclaiming Babylon and its gods as supreme over all others. For most people in that era, submitting to his command would have been well within their religious convictions.

Those advisors who survived Nebuchadnezzar’s wrath over his dream (Daniel 2:8–16) might have been jealous of the Hebrews who were rewarded. A group from the “Chaldeans,” or astrologers, accuse Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego of disobeying the king’s command. This is described as “malicious” by a phrase implying spite and ill intent. The complaint is not inspired by loyalty to the king, but by pure hatred for the Jews. It’s entirely possible the accusers had no idea whether their accusation was true, but merely hoped to harass the three men or see if the king’s short temper would take over (Daniel 3:8–12).

Daniel is notably absent from this incident. Commentators speculate that he was away on business and was not called to the ceremony. It’s also possible that Daniel was considered too powerful and too popular with the king to threaten at this time. Given his history (Daniel 1:8–16) and future choices (Daniel 6), there’s no question that if Daniel was there, he likewise refused to commit idolatry. Daniel’s absence or the accusers’ cowardice are the most likely reasons he is not part of this story.

It’s possible Nebuchadnezzar was still suspicious of his advisors (Daniel 2:8–11). Despite being furious, he asks the three Hebrew men if the charges are true. At the same time, he provides a way for them to prove their loyalty through obedience. Most likely, the king intended to command the musical signal at once so they could bow before the idol. He also gloats about his own power, suggesting that no being, even a divine one, could save them if they refused (Daniel 3:13–15).

Whether the accusation was invented or not, the three Hebrew men tell the king not to bother with his test. They have not worshipped the idol, and they will not worship it, even if it means their own death. Instead of fear of Nebuchadnezzar, they express trust in their God. Their Lord can save them, but even if they die, they will continue to obey Him instead of a pagan king (Daniel 3:16–18).

Nebuchadnezzar was already angry. Now, his rage boils over into a royal temper tantrum. He issues a series of irrational commands, all in a spiteful attempt to prove his power over those who dared defy him. The “furnace” in question was probably a lime kiln: an earthen structure with a partially open top and a hole on one side. This is to be superheated, though a normal kiln would be more than hot enough to kill. The three men are to be thrown in immediately, not waiting to have their ceremonial clothes removed. They are to be tied up, despite that being unnecessary. The orders are so absurd, and so urgent, that the soldiers pushing the three men into the furnace are themselves killed (Daniel 3:19–23).

A minority of scholars suggest that what happens next is a vision: that Nebuchadnezzar was not “looking” into the flames, but “spiritually perceiving” something that made him call out. In context, it seems much more likely that he took a seat where he could look into the furnace, probably through the side opening. But as soon as he does so, he stands up in shock. His question to his advisors is much like asking, “am I seeing things? Do you see what I see?” Only three bodies went into the flames, but the king sees four men. One of those has an overtly supernatural appearance. Nebuchadnezzar’s comment is best translated as seeing something “like a son of the gods.” This might have been the archangel Michael (Daniel 10:13; 12:1), or even a preincarnate Jesus (Daniel 3:24–25).

In amazement, the king calls out to the three Hebrew men, asking them to exit the furnace. When they emerge, they have been perfectly and completely protected from the flames. Every facet of Nebuchadnezzar’s attempt is a complete failure. He ordered the Jewish captives to die by fire, in their clothes, and tied up. They survived, not even singed, came out untied, and without so much as the smell of smoke on their clothes—and the only deaths were of the Babylonian soldiers who pushed them in. This inspires Nebuchadnezzar to make an astonishing claim: the men were right to disobey his command! Rather than driven to further rage, he is awed into respect at the power of the Hebrew God (Daniel 3:26–28).

Of course, Nebuchadnezzar is not fully embracing the Lord of Israel as the One True God. He still believes in other deities but accepts that the Hebrew God is powerful enough to protect His worshippers. The king’s basic personality is also unchanged. As before, he declares his opinion and threatens anyone who disagrees with violent consequences. He then rewards Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in some way. That might have meant even greater power and responsibility, or simply his continued favor (Daniel 3:29–30).

This incident emphasizes the absolute power of God, above and beyond any human ruler. It also celebrates faith in the face of danger—as well as faith which accepts that God will not always rescue His people from earthly harm. The book of Revelation echoes many of these themes as the end-times Antichrist persecutes believers and the restored Jewish nation.

These three Hebrew men are not mentioned in Scripture again. Upcoming chapters will continue, in the Aramaic language, to speak about the Gentile world and Daniel’s experiences under pagan kings. Later chapters will turn to end-times prophecy.

Chapter Context
The first chapter of Daniel explained how four captive Israelite boys became respected advisors to a Babylonian king. Chapter 2 showed these men praying for divine wisdom to untangle that same king’s dream. These events set the stage for this chapter and the famous trio of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. The men refuse to bow to an idol and are rescued from fiery death by God. This is the last mention of these men in Scripture, as focus shifts back to Babylon’s kings and the prophet Daniel.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. King Nebuchadnezzar made an image of gold, whose height was sixty cubits and its breadth six cubits. He set it up on the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon (Daniel 1:1–2), recently experienced a troubling dream (Daniel 2:1–3). Only Daniel, empowered by God, was able to untangle that mystery (Daniel 2:17–19, 27–28). Part of the dream included a statue with an enormous golden head (Daniel 2:32). This represented Nebuchadnezzar’s rule over Babylon (Daniel 2:37–38). Though the king recognized the power of Daniel’s God (Daniel 2:47), he did not abandon belief in other deities. Nor, it seems, did he restrain his pride.

The construction of a large golden idol, after being told the meaning of his dream, suggests Nebuchadnezzar’s arrogance. Scripture does not indicate exactly when this happened. Some commentators believe this idol was built soon after the interpretation of the dream; others think it might have been as much as twenty years later. The “image” is not described except as being very tall and relatively slender. This may have been an obelisk-shaped monument, or a human figure with distorted proportions. Most likely, it was made of wood and overlaid with gold.

Scholars are unsure of the exact meaning of the “plain of Dura.” The term “dura” may have been a generic word for flat areas surrounded by walls. Various pedestals, hills, mounds, and platforms in the region have been suggested as possible sites for the golden image. Certainly, it was meant to be as visible as possible.

Context Summary
Daniel 3:1–7 follows the incident where Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar’s frightening dream. It’s possible that the king took pride in being depicted as a head of gold (Daniel 2:37–38), and so he makes a golden image of himself to be revered. The people of Babylon are commanded to worship this idol under threat of death: being burned alive. Repetition in the passage highlights the overbearing, controlling nature of the king’s edict. This passage continues a segment of the Bible recorded in Aramaic (Daniel 2:4—7:28).

Verse 2. Then King Nebuchadnezzar sent to gather the satraps, the prefects, and the governors, the counselors, the treasurers, the justices, the magistrates, and all the officials of the provinces to come to the dedication of the image that King Nebuchadnezzar had set up.

Nebuchadnezzar arranged for officials from his entire empire to gather for the dedication of his golden image (Daniel 3:1). This object may have been inspired by the king’s pride at being the golden head of his own dream, as interpreted by Daniel (Daniel 2:36–38). As with many state-ordered gatherings, this was to emphasize the ruler’s power and authority. In the same way, the golden image was probably created to symbolize the supremacy of Babylon and its king. Bowing before the image (Daniel 3:5) would symbolize total submission to the nation of Babylon, its gods, and its ruler.

The same titles for Babylonian officials are repeated multiple times in this passage. This repetition, itself, serves a literary purpose. The king’s edict (Daniel 3:4–7) will be all-encompassing and detailed. By repeating detailed lists over and over, Daniel evokes the exhausting bureaucracy of Nebuchadnezzar’s dictatorship. The same technique is used with the instruments being played (Daniel 3:5, 7, 10, 15) and more than a dozen times with the names of three Hebrew men (Daniel 3:12–14, 16, 19–20, 22–23, 26, 28–30).

In addition, the described positions seem to overlap. Rather than this being a detailed list of the groups invited, it may be a statement that Nebuchadnezzar summoned all high officials from the entire country to attend the event. Zedekiah, King of Judah, may have been summoned to Babylon for the dedication of the golden image (Jeremiah 51:59).

“Satraps” were Nebuchadnezzar’s chief representatives over a given region, something like supreme governors. “Prefects” commanded military units. “Governors” may have been leaders of civil government, or lower-powered versions of satraps. The counselors were lawyers or guardians of the law. Treasurers were responsible for the public finances. The justices administered the law. Magistrates pronounced sentences on violators of the law. The officials served under the chief governors of the provinces and included all who served Nebuchadnezzar in an official capacity.

A notable name missing from this list is Daniel (Daniel 2:46–49). It may be that he was exempt, due to his other duties. Or, that he was out of the country at the time on some political mission. Another possibility is that Daniel was there and reacted in the same way as his Hebrew friends (Daniel 3:12), yet his enemies were afraid to challenge him at that time, after his miraculous interpretation of the king’s dream.

Verse 3. Then the satraps, the prefects, and the governors, the counselors, the treasurers, the justices, the magistrates, and all the officials of the provinces gathered for the dedication of the image that King Nebuchadnezzar had set up. And they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up.

After hearing the interpretation of his dream (Daniel 2:36), Nebuchadnezzar creates some sort of enormous idol and commands high officials from all over the empire to attend its dedication (Daniel 3:1–2). The list here is identical to that in the prior verse (Daniel 3:2), with a long list of positions and job titles. That repetition suggests the oppressive and intrusive nature of the king’s upcoming command (Daniel 3:4–6). This chapter will make a point of repeating certain phrases and lists, possibly to continue emphasizing this idea.

Some commentators suggest that Nebuchadnezzar set up the golden image to prove he had not abandoned the polytheistic religion of the Babylonians. He had, after all, praised Daniel’s God (Daniel 2:47). Others speculate that the occasion was a celebration of Nebuchadnezzar’s many military victories. It seems most likely that Nebuchadnezzar wanted everyone in his kingdom to see him as the majestic, supreme ruler over Babylon’s many provinces. Bowing to the image would symbolize submission to the power and religion of Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar’s construction of the golden image on the plain of Dura prefigures the construction of the image of the beast by the false prophet of Israel in the tribulation (Revelation 13:11–15).

Verse 4. And the herald proclaimed aloud, “You are commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages,

King Nebuchadnezzar learned that his dream (Daniel 2:1–3) included a representation of Babylon as a golden head (Daniel 2:36–38). Perhaps out of pride, or to reiterate his commitment to Babylonian religion, he has ordered construction of a large golden idol (Daniel 3:1–3). Officials from all over the kingdom have been summoned; they will be ordered to bow before this object on command. The signal for worship will be the sound of many instruments (Daniel 3:5).

The purpose of this meeting, and the idol, is to prove that Babylon rules over all the entire middle east. So, the king’s command is directed, poetically, at “peoples, nations, and languages.” A similar meaning is contained in the use of a long list of musical objects in the following verse. The instruments themselves come from a wide variety of ancient middle eastern regions and cultures.

A “herald” in the ancient world served something of the same role as a modern broadcaster or spokesman. He would announce important news and events in a public place so many people would hear him. Heralds were fast runners and loud talkers. The apostle Paul might be considered a herald because he proclaimed the gospel clearly wherever he went (see Acts 20:25; 1 Thessalonians 2:9). Today, Christians act as heralds by proclaiming the gospel to others (Romans 10:14–15).

Nebuchadnezzar set up his image at the beginning of what is often called “the times of the Gentiles” (Luke 21:24). The false prophet of Revelation chapter 13 will set up the image to the beast at the completion of this era, in the end times. Both Nebuchadnezzar and the false prophet of the tribulation period demand that everyone worship their image. The worship of Nebuchadnezzar’s image was not optional (Daniel 3:6).

Verse 5. that when you hear the sound of the horn, pipe, lyre, trigon, harp, bagpipe, and every kind of music, you are to fall down and worship the golden image that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up.

Babylon effectively ruled over the entire ancient middle east—the king’s commands in this passage emphasize this fact. Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Daniel 2:1–3) apparently inspired him to create a large golden idol (Daniel 2:36–38; 3:1). He commanded officials from all over the empire to attend a dedication (Daniel 3:2–3). His command, contained here, was delivered in both poetic and literal terms to every person in the entire kingdom (Daniel 3:4).

Throughout history music has been used to stir emotions and bring about a desired response. Here, the meaning of the long list of musical objects is more symbolic than literal. This passage in Daniel notably repeats several phrases—including four copies of the same list of instruments (Daniel 3:5, 7, 10, 15). This evokes the legalistic, oppressive nature of the king’s commands. The wide variety of instruments also implies the large reach of the Babylonian Empire.

To “fall down” in this context means to kneel or lay face down in an expression of humility. When the people hear “every kind of music,” as a cue, they are to worship this idol commissioned by Nebuchadnezzar.

Verse 6. And whoever does not fall down and worship shall immediately be cast into a burning fiery furnace.”

After hearing the interpretation of his dream (Daniel 2:1–3, 36–38), Nebuchadnezzar decided to build a golden idol (Daniel 3:1). This might have been to represent himself, to affirm his commitment to Babylonian gods, or to celebrate some occasion. He ordered powerful people from all over the empire (Daniel 3:2–3) and gave them strict instructions. When they hear a musical cue, all of them are to bow in worship of this manmade object (Daniel 3:4–5).

The penalty for disobedience is an immediate, horrific death by fire. The “furnace” in question was probably a type of kiln used to create lime. This would have been a domed surface with an opening on top to insert fuel and a space at the bottom to remove ashes and waste. For centuries in Babylonian culture, being burnt alive had been a traditional punishment for blasphemy (Jeremiah 29:22). Not only is the process presumed to be painful, but it is also thorough, capable of destroying the body entirely and leaving little to no trace. This chapter repeats this exact phrase multiple times, echoing the legalism and bureaucracy of Babylon.

Persian culture considered fire too holy for use as an execution tool. This is likely why Darius, a later king (Daniel 2:37–39), used a lion pit as the severest punishment for disobedience (Daniel 6:7).

Verse 7. Therefore, as soon as all the peoples heard the sound of the horn, pipe, lyre, trigon, harp, bagpipe, and every kind of music, all the peoples, nations, and languages fell down and worshiped the golden image that King Nebuchadnezzar had set up.

Babylonian culture believed in many deities. They expected their subjects to have varied beliefs about which gods to worship. The idol created by Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 3:1) represented the supremacy of Babylon and its religion over those of its subjects. In the king’s mind, there was no reason for a person to refuse his command to worship the image (Daniel 3:2–6) unless they were refusing to submit to Babylon. Most of his subjects would have felt the same, with few objections to the order. Nebuchadnezzar was willing to admit the power of Daniel’s God (Daniel 2:46–47) but had not come to worship the Lord as the One True God.

The musical cue for this act of worship was the playing of a wide variety of musical tools (Daniel 3:5). The previous list of instruments is repeated exactly here and will be used two more times in this passage (Daniel 3:10, 15). The repetition emphasizes the tight control and all-encompassing nature of Nebuchadnezzar’s decrees.

Under threat of execution, those present at the dedication ceremony kowtow and worship the manmade object. However, some resisted. Daniel’s three friends (Daniel 1:6–7) will soon be accused of disobeying the king’s order, a charge they openly admit (Daniel 3:12, 16–18). Daniel is not mentioned in this incident. It’s plausible that he was not present, or that the jealous court advisors were too afraid to challenge him (Daniel 2:48). What’s implausible is that Daniel chose to dishonor God by committing idolatry (Daniel 1:8; 6:5–10).

In the end-times tribulation period, another despot will command everyone to worship an image. Those who comply with the command will receive a mark on the right hand or forehead that will allow them to buy and sell. Many who refuse to worship the image will die (Revelation 13:11–17).

Verse 8. Therefore at that time certain Chaldeans came forward and maliciously accused the Jews.

When Nebuchadnezzar conquered Judah (Daniel 1:1–2), he took children from noble families to become advisors to his court (Daniel 1:3–5). Four of these Hebrew captives were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. They would be renamed Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:6–7). When the king’s magicians failed to interpret his dream (Daniel 2:1–3, 8–12), an answer came only after these men prayed to the God of Israel (Daniel 2:17–19). Nebuchadnezzar was so impressed that he gave the Israelite captives great power and prestige (Daniel 2:46–49).

Also in response to the dream, it seems, Nebuchadnezzar built a huge idol and commanded his entire nation to worship it (Daniel 3:1–7). As Jews, the four captive Israelites stood out from the Chaldeans as men who worshiped one God, the true God, instead of numerous false gods. While these men were known for skill (Daniel 1:17–20), they were also passionately faithful to this truth (Daniel 1:8–16). They refused the king’s request, regardless of threats (Daniel 3:16–18).

The term “Chaldean” refers both to a culture and to a profession. The Chaldean people were so associated with divination and astrology that such experts were generically referred to as “Chaldeans.” These men had failed to meet the king’s earlier challenge (Daniel 2:10–11), over which at least some had probably been killed (Daniel 2:12–13). Rather than making them grateful for surviving, the ordeal seems to have prompted them to become bitter and jealous.

The Aramaic phrasing used here for the accusation literally refers to devouring something. As a figure of speech, it means destructive, hateful slander. It’s possible the accusers didn’t know that the faithful Hebrews had, in fact, disobeyed (Daniel 3:12), and they simply wanted to bully and harass them. In modern speech, “slander” is usually reserved for words which are provably false. The same is usually true in Scripture, though here the focus is more on intent. These Babylonian men are motivated by spite and hatred, not loyalty or moral principles. They act for no other reason than malice—whether their words are true, or false, they are still “slander” because of that motivation.

This incident also proves that the evil of antisemitism has a long, sordid history. It can take many forms, from subtle bias to personal vendettas such as this incident. It can even come as a wide effort to exterminate Jewish people (Esther 3:6). However, God has always had a faithful remnant. Even in the future tribulation, a corps of saved Jews will refuse to worship the image that the false prophet sets up in the temple. Many will suffer martyrdom while others will survive the Antichrist’s wrath. Romans 11:26–27 promises, “All Israel [some from every tribe of Israel] will be saved, as it is written, ‘The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob’: ‘and this will be my covenant with them when I take away their sins.’”

Context Summary
Daniel 3:8–18 records an accusation, a confrontation, and a confession. Daniel’s three friends (Daniel 1:6–7) are reported to the king by jealous advisors who claim the Jewish men refused to worship Nebuchadnezzar’s golden image (Daniel 3:1, 4–5). The king offers them an opportunity to disprove the charge, or at least to change their minds. Instead, the three faithful men admit they have not and will not compromise their faith in the One True God. Whether they live or die, they will not worship the false gods of Babylon. This passage is part of the Scriptures recorded in Aramaic (Daniel 2:4—7:28).

Verse 9. They declared to King Nebuchadnezzar, “O king, live forever!

Astrologers from king Nebuchadnezzar’s court are accusing Jews captured from Judah and forced to serve as advisors (Daniel 1:6–7; 3:8). As a whole their group failed to interpret the king’s dream (Daniel 2:8–11), and only survived because of God’s miraculous intervention through Daniel (Daniel 2:17–19). In response, the king appointed the Hebrew men to important roles (Daniel 2:48–49). This seems to have inspired jealousy in the court astrologers (Daniel 3:12). When the king orders everyone to worship an idol, on pain of death, the bitter Chaldeans see an opportunity to harass the Jewish captives (Daniel 3:1–7). They will accuse three of the men of defying the royal order.

The Chaldean accusers flatter Nebuchadnezzar before spelling out the details of their accusation. The book of Daniel makes it clear that Nebuchadnezzar had a huge ego—he was extremely impressed by himself. Yet, the greeting used here was common for rulers of the ancient middle east (1 Kings 1:31; Nehemiah 2:3; Daniel 2:4; 6:21). In that era, it was commonly believed that long life was a special blessing and a sign of divine approval. The Chaldeans’ expression implied that they wanted Nebuchadnezzar to enjoy a long, happy life. Scripture indicates that longevity can be one of the benefits associated with obedience to the Lord’s commands. One of the Ten Commandments includes such a remark (Exodus 20:12; Ephesians 6:2–3).

Verse 10. You, O king, have made a decree, that every man who hears the sound of the horn, pipe, lyre, trigon, harp, bagpipe, and every kind of music, shall fall down and worship the golden image.

The accusing Chaldeans (Daniel 3:8–9) remind King Nebuchadnezzar of his recent command: that at a certain musical signal, everyone was to worship the golden image he had constructed (Daniel 3:1–7). Their target will be three of the captive Hebrews (Daniel 1:6–7; 3:12) who were recently honored by the king (Daniel 2:48–49). The way their attack is described indicates pure malice; it’s even possible they simply invented the accusation. And yet, it turns out to be true: the Hebrew men did not, and would not, bow to worship an idol (Daniel 3:16–18).

Scripture isn’t clear if these accusers were among the same men who failed to discern Nebuchadnezzar’s frightening dream (Daniel 2:8–11). If they were the same men, they had been under a death sentence until Daniel saved them and all the other wise men of Babylon (Daniel 2:12, 17–19). They should have been grateful to the Jewish people, but instead they seem jealous. These men may have proven themselves frauds when they could not solve the mystery of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, but here they are very crafty. No doubt their reminder to the king was intended to prod him to take swift action to carry out his own threat.

This verse is one of several (Daniel 3:5, 7, 15) which repeats the same list of musical instruments. This duplication subtly mocks the bureaucratic, heavy-handed nature of Nebuchadnezzar’s rule.

Verse 11. And whoever does not fall down and worship shall be cast into a burning fiery furnace.

When Nebuchadnezzar’s astrologers failed to uncover the secret of his dream, he ordered them all killed (Daniel 2:8–12). Yet Daniel, one of the Hebrew captives, was able to solve the riddle and end the threat (Daniel 2:17–19). In response, the king promoted Daniel and his three Jewish friends to high authority (Daniel 2:48–49). This seems to have made other advisors jealous. They will accuse—with pure malice (Daniel 3:8, 12)—that three of the men refused to worship the king’s golden idol (Daniel 3:1–7). The accusers reminded Nebuchadnezzar of the penalty he decreed: being burnt alive.

The world has always included those who don’t merely want to punish God’s people, but to wipe them from the face of the earth. Hebrews chapter 11 mentions believers who were killed for their faith. They were “stoned, they were sawn in two, they were killed with the sword” (Hebrews 11:37). The Devil who opposes God and God’s people lurks behind vicious persecutors. When the risen Lord addressed the church in Smyrna, He predicted, “Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and for ten days you will have tribulation. Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life” (Revelation 2:10).

An earlier verse noted that the men’s accusation was malicious and slanderous (Daniel 3:8). Their intent was not honorable, regardless of whether it was true. In fact, their claim may have been invented: they may have had no idea whether the Jews worshipped the statue, but simply wanted to bully them. And yet, the accused Hebrews will openly refuse to bow to a pagan idol (Daniel 3:16–18).

Verse 12. here are certain Jews whom you have appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. These men, O king, pay no attention to you; they do not serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up.”

King Nebuchadnezzar nearly executed all his advisors over a disturbing dream (Daniel 2:8–12). One of the Hebrew captives, Daniel, was given a vision from God which solved the mystery (Daniel 2:17–19). In response, the king elevated the four Jewish men to positions of power (Daniel 2:48–49). This likely made others in the court jealous. Later, Nebuchadnezzar ordered all people to worship his new golden idol (Daniel 3:1–7). The bitter Chaldeans—astrologers from Babylon—used this opportunity to harass the Israelite men (Daniel 3:8–11). Satan was certainly behind the Chaldeans’ accusation. Revelation 12:10 identifies the Devil as “the accuser of our brothers,” and describes him as accusing them “day and night before God.”

These critics accused the three men of failing to serve Nebuchadnezzar’s gods and refusing to worship his golden image. In that culture, it was common to believe in many gods. Few people would have been offended at the command to honor one more idol. Nebuchadnezzar’s command was probably more a matter of politics, and egotism, than religious piety. Yet the Hebrews believed in the One True God and refused to worship false deities (Exodus 20:3–6).

It is noteworthy that this accusation targets only three men. No mention is made of Daniel, who was notably pious about his faith (Daniel 1:8–16). It’s feasible to think he was not accused because the Chaldeans thought he was too powerful, or too popular with the king. It’s also possible he was away on official business when the idol was to be worshipped. Then again, the men who make this claim do so out of pure malice (Daniel 3:8). It may have been they simply wanted to harass the Jews, and didn’t know that they had, in fact, disobeyed the order.

Also not mentioned are any of the other Jewish captives brought from Judah (Daniel 1:1–5). Perhaps many disobeyed, yet avoided being accused because they were unimportant, or unnoticed. Or, they may have compromised their traditional faith to avoid punishment. Scripture does not say which was the case.

Verse 13. Then Nebuchadnezzar in furious rage commanded that Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego be brought. So they brought these men before the king.

The Chaldeans’ accusation (Daniel 3:12) against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:6–7; 2:48–49) infuriated Nebuchadnezzar. The king has already demonstrated violent anger when he does not get his way (Daniel 2:12). However, he has also shown suspicion of his court advisors (Daniel 2:8–11). When astrologers claimed that Daniel’s three friends defied a royal decree to worship an idol (Daniel 3:1–7), he summons the men and questions them (Daniel 3:14) rather than simply ordering their deaths.

This incident resembles the experience of Jesus, accused of blasphemy and insurrection, standing before Governor Pilate (Matthew 27:1, 11). It also shares some aspects with the apostle Paul standing before Governor Felix (Acts 24:1–10) and before King Agrippa (25:13—26:1). Jesus told His disciples that people would drag them before governors and kings for His sake, “to bear witness before them and the Gentiles” (Matthew 10:18).

Verse 14. Nebuchadnezzar answered and said to them, “Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, that you do not serve my gods or worship the golden image that I have set up?

Nebuchadnezzar is investigating an accusation against three captive Hebrews (Daniel 1:6–7), made by his court astrologers (Daniel 3:8, 12). The men being interrogated were given positions of great power (Daniel 2:48–49) after Daniel, a fellow Hebrew, successfully interpreted the king’s dream (Daniel 2:17–19). Rather than simply having the men killed, he asks for their response. This may reflect Nebuchadnezzar’s mistrust of some of his advisors (Daniel 2:8–11). It’s entirely possible their claim (Daniel 3:12) was invented merely to harass the Jewish men—yet the accused will openly admit their defiance of the king’s order (Daniel 3:16–18).

Christians often find themselves in situations where compromising faith would make them more popular, or more comfortable, or physically safer. Yet believers ought to stand fast in the Lord and refuse to compromise their faith. Knowing an honest answer would bring painful death, what would most people tell the king? Would they give an answer that would please the king of Babylon or one that would please the King of heaven and earth?

Verse 15. Now if you are ready when you hear the sound of the horn, pipe, lyre, trigon, harp, bagpipe, and every kind of music, to fall down and worship the image that I have made, well and good. But if you do not worship, you shall immediately be cast into a burning fiery furnace. And who is the god who will deliver you out of my hands?”

It’s possible Nebuchadnezzar did not fully trust his court advisors (Daniel 2:8–11). When he elevated certain captive Jewish men (Daniel 1:6–7) to positions of power (Daniel 2:48–49), it may have inspired jealousy. The claim that these men did not follow a command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:1–7) may have been completely fabricated (Daniel 3:8). In other words, it’s possible that the accusers were merely harassing the Hebrew men out of spite. The king calls the three men and interrogates them about their obedience. Here, he offers them an opportunity to prove their submission to his rule.

Nebuchadnezzar saw himself as more authoritative and powerful than any god. He thought no god could undo his sentence of death. His question is rhetorical: a statement of his view that no deity could keep someone from death if the king of Babylon so ordered. Yet the king failed to realize that the God of the three Jews wasn’t just another pagan idol. Their God created the heavens and earth (Genesis 1:1), controlled all nature, and could surely deliver His faithful worshipers from the burning fiery furnace. If Nebuchadnezzar cast Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego into the furnace, he would be setting up a conflict between himself and the one and only true God.

The three men won’t dispute the charges against them, nor wait for the next command to worship. Instead, they neatly inform Nebuchadnezzar that they refuse to participate in idolatry (Daniel 3:16–18).

This verse is one of several which repeats the exact same list of musical instruments (Daniel 3:5, 7, 10). That repetition may be a way of satirizing Babylon’s overly controlling, bureaucratic nature.

Verse 16. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego answered and said to the king, “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter.

When an accused person is brought to court, they are offered the chance to make a plea: a response to the charges against them. When Nebuchadnezzar summoned three Hebrews (Daniel 3:8, 13) accused of defying his command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:1–7), he gave them a choice: bow to the idol at the next command or be burnt alive (Daniel 3:14–15). The Hebrew men’s response is the equivalent of pleading guilty; they note there is no reason for them to “answer” or defend themselves. They did not, and will not, worship a false god. They make no attempt to explain or justify their faith. They simply refuse to follow the king’s command and accept the consequences (Daniel 3:17–18).

Also worth noting is that the three Jews did not ask Nebuchadnezzar to pardon them or ignore their crime. They knew the law, and knew the consequences, but were determined to obey God instead of men (Acts 5:29). When Paul was undergoing a court trial that would decide whether he would be released from prison or experience capital punishment, he did not flinch. He was prepared for either result. Writing to the Philippians, he testifies: “As it is my eager expectation and hope that I will not be at all ashamed, but that with full courage now as always Christ will be honored in my body, whether by life or by death” (Philippians 1:20).

Verse 17. If this be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king.

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:6–7) showed resolute trust in God. Their earthly king commanded them to worship an idol to prove their loyalty and avoid a gruesome death (Daniel 3:13–15). Yet they refused. Here, the men point out their confidence that God—the One True God of Israel—would keep them safe even from the great king Nebuchadnezzar.

Perhaps the Hebrew men recalled God’s promise in Isaiah 43:2–3: “When you walk through fire you shall not be burned, and the flame shall not consume you. For I am the Lᴏʀᴅ your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior.” They knew how God had delivered His people from Pharaoh’s cavalry. Hemmed in at the Red Sea, the Hebrews witnessed God’s miraculous deliverance. They crossed the Red Sea safely on dry ground, whereas the pursuing cavalry drowned in its returning water (Exodus 14).

These men are not foolish. They know it’s entirely possible—highly likely, in fact—that they will die horribly for defying a pagan king (Daniel 3:18). Yet they exhibit the same faith as Abraham. Hebrews 11:19 explains that when Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac (Genesis 22:1–2), he believed God was able even to raise Isaac from the dead.

Verse 18. But if not, be it known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up.”

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 3:14–17) demonstrate intense trust in God. They know the Lord is powerful enough to rescue them from the consequences of defying Nebuchadnezzar’s command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:1–7), but they don’t demand that He do so. They did not know whether God would deliver them or allow them to die in the flames. They knew, however, that He was able to deliver them. In either case, they clearly told the king that they would not serve his heathen gods or worship his golden image. They were determined to be faithful to God, no matter what. Even if that meant death, they trusted the Lord with the outcome.

Exodus 20:3–5 was indelibly stamped on the hearts of these Hebrew slaves: “You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them.” New Testament believers, too, must disdain idolatry. In Colossians 3:5 Paul equates covetousness with idolatry, and the apostle John writes in 1 John 5:21: “Little children, keep yourselves from idols.”

Verse 19. Then Nebuchadnezzar was filled with fury, and the expression of his face was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. He ordered the furnace heated seven times more than it was usually heated.

In arrogance, Nebuchadnezzar, the temperamental king of Babylon (Daniel 2:12), had commanded everyone to worship a golden idol (Daniel 3:1–7). Three Hebrew men (Daniel 3:12) were accused of ignoring that order and openly refused to comply (Daniel 3:16–18). The king’s change of expression and instructions about the furnace reflect his ever-increasing rage (Daniel 3:13). His decree is not a measured application of law, but a temper tantrum from a man accustomed to getting his way.

The “furnace” in question (Daniel 3:6, 11, 15, 17) was probably a lime kiln. These were domed, earthen structures with an opening on top to insert material and a hole on the side to remove ashes and waste. Like a blacksmith’s forge, the right combination of fuel and air flow could create phenomenal levels of heat. Being burnt alive was a traditional Babylonian punishment for blasphemers (Jeremiah 29:22). In this case, Nebuchadnezzar fails to realize that a superheated furnace would put anyone who came near it at risk (Daniel 3:22). It would also create a faster, less painful death for the three men. His only desire seems to be displaying as much power against these disobedient Hebrews as possible.

Nebuchadnezzar also failed to realize that the God the three men worshiped and served could protect them from the fire. He will soon learn that his earlier bragging (Daniel 3:15) was mistaken (Daniel 3:24–25).

Context Summary
Daniel 3:19–25 follows the description of Nebuchadnezzar’s angry response to an accusation: that Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:6–7) refused to worship Nebuchadnezzar’s golden image (Daniel 3:1–7, 8–12). Rather than begging for mercy, the men openly refuse to commit idolatry (Daniel 3:16–18). This enrages the king, who tries to make an example of them, which is thwarted by God (Daniel 3:22–27). The passage is recorded in Aramaic, highlighting its importance to non-Jewish people of the ancient world.

Verse 20. And he ordered some of the mighty men of his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace.

These three Hebrew men were among those captured from Judah and made to serve the king of Babylon (Daniel 1:1–7). They openly refused to worship Nebuchadnezzar’s golden idol (Daniel 3:16–18), driving the king into an irrational rage. He ordered a furnace—probably a lime kiln—superheated (Daniel 3:19), and now commands that the men be tied up.

Kilns such as these were usually made of earth, with carefully sized openings on top and on one side. Even at normal burning temperatures, it would be unlikely for anyone to be able to climb out if they fell in. The fact that the furnace is superheated makes this even less of a risk—yet the king demands his victims be tied up. This reflects the king’s raging, uncontrolled temper. Rather than thinking about his actions, he seems to be lashing out with spite. A modern English language expression notes that “when a man’s temper gets the best of him, it reveals the worst of him.” Ecclesiastes 7:9 wisely counsels: “Be not quick in your spirit to become angry, for anger lodges in the heart of fools.”

The real lesson to be learned will be delivered soon. Nebuchadnezzar is attempting to display his royal power. Soon the God of Israel will display His strength by rescuing His three loyal servants (Daniel 3:24–25).

Verse 21. Then these men were bound in their cloaks, their tunics, their hats, and their other garments, and they were thrown into the burning fiery furnace.

King Nebuchadnezzar once promoted these men to high office (Daniel 2:48–49). Bitter rivals accused them of disobeying the king’s command (Daniel 3:8, 12). The three Hebrews openly refused to worship an idol (Daniel 3:16–18). In a fit of temper, the king ordered some of his soldiers to tie the Jews up and throw them into a superheated furnace (Daniel 3:19–20).

The clothing described would have been typical of Babylon in that era. Terms may vary, but the three Hebrews were likely wearing an undergarment, overgarment, and possibly ceremonial clothing. Execution victims would probably be stripped, in most cases, but here the king wants them executed instantly. None of this was necessary, but it all suited the king’s intense rage at being defied.

God will thwart every detail of this temper tantrum. The men will survive (Daniel 3:26) without even their clothes smelling like smoke (Daniel 3:27), though their restraints will be dissolved (Daniel 3:25). Only the king’s soldiers will be killed (Daniel 3:22).

Nearly the same information will be repeated (Daniel 3:23), as part of a pattern in this chapter. This segment repeats certain phrases and ideas, both for emphasis and as a way of satirizing the bureaucracy and control of Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon.

Verse 22. Because the king ‘s order was urgent and the furnace overheated, the flame of the fire killed those men who took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.

The furnace used here was probably a lime kiln: a large earthen dome with an open top to insert fuel and a hole on the side to remove waste. In his intense rage, King Nebuchadnezzar had ordered it superheated for an execution (Daniel 3:16–19). Strong men were commanded to tie up three Hebrew captives (Daniel 1:6–7) and throw them into this furnace immediately. This urgency contributed to the deaths of these executioners (Daniel 3:20–21). To respond so quickly, they may have neglected to put on protective clothing. They likely had no time to arrange a careful way to put the victims into the top of the furnace.

These were respected soldiers in the army of Babylon, previously referred to with the term “mighty men” (Daniel 3:20). But the greatest warrior is no match for heat that can melt bronze. Nor is such a man strong enough to resist judgment by the One True God, whom these Hebrew men worshiped. Someday, during what is commonly called the “end times,” all nations of the world will attempt a military coup against God, but they will not be able to withstand His judgment (Revelation 20:7–10). Psalm 2:1 asks, “Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the Lᴏʀᴅ and against his Anointed.” Psalm 2:5 says God “will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury.”

Based on the king’s comments later (Daniel 3:24–25), it’s not likely the soldiers fell into the furnace. More likely, they were overcome with the heat coming from the opening and died on the surface.

Verse 23. And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, fell bound into the burning fiery furnace.

These three men are captive Israelites (Daniel 1:6–7), promoted to high office (Daniel 2:48–49), who refused to obey the king’s command to commit idolatry (Daniel 3:16–18). In a rage, the king demanded they be tied up and immediately thrown into a superheated fire (Daniel 3:19–21). The furnace was so hot that it killed the men sent to throw the Hebrews into the flames (Daniel 3:22). Nebuchadnezzar has fulfilled his threat against those who refused to worship his golden image (Daniel 3:1–7). Yet God would soon fulfill His will in the lives of His three faithful servants.

Nebuchadnezzar’s era used kilns to process limestone into quicklime: a cheap and useful chemical. A large kiln, or “furnace,” might be made of earth or brick, with a large opening at the top and a smaller port on the side. Lime and fuel would be layered from the top, and the shape of the kiln would allow airflow to maintain the fire. That the three Hebrew men “fell into” the fire likely means they were dragged to the top of the kiln and pushed into the open hole. This might also explain why the executioners died: if the furnace was drastically overheated, even the brick might have been dangerous to touch.

This verse repeats nearly the same information found in an earlier verse (Daniel 3:21). Much of Daniel chapter 3 features repetitive phrases. This includes a list of instruments (Daniel 3:5, 7, 10, 15), the execution device (Daniel 3:6, 11, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26) and around a dozen duplications of the phrase “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.” This not only adds poetic flair, but it also mocks the heavy-handed, overbearing nature of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign.

Verse 24. Then King Nebuchadnezzar was astonished and rose up in haste. He declared to his counselors, “Did we not cast three men bound into the fire?” They answered and said to the king, “True, O king.”

The “furnace” in this incident was probably a lime kiln with an opening near the bottom used to remove waste and ashes as well as to allow air to flow through the fire. Nebuchadnezzar has acted with intense rage at being defied (Daniel 3:16–18), commanding a series of foolish steps (Daniel 3:19–23) to demonstrate his power over these Hebrew men (Daniel 1:6–7). As part of his spite, the king seems to have taken a seat where he could watch his victims burn, likely through the opening in the side of the furnace.

What he sees causes the king to stand up in shock. His comments are something like asking, “am I seeing things? Do you see what I see?” Certainly, God intended the king to see the miracle being performed in the fire. What Nebuchadnezzar witnesses proves God’s power is far beyond that of any earthly ruler (Daniel 3:15). The advisors confirm that only three men fell into the fire—the unfortunate executioners probably died on top of the furnace trying to push the Hebrews into the hole (Daniel 3:22). Yet the king will claim he sees four people, who are not only alive, but unrestrained and moving.

The king will refer to one of these four figures as resembling “a son of the gods” (Daniel 3:25) and later as an “angel” or “messenger” of the God of the Israelite men (Daniel 3:28).

Verse 25. He answered and said, “But I see four men unbound, walking in the midst of the fire, and they are not hurt; and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.”

Babylon’s king, Nebuchadnezzar, hatefully ordered that three men (Daniel 1:6–7) who defied his command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:1–7, 12) be tied up and thrown into a superheated furnace (Daniel 3:19–23). Some commentators suggest that what he sees now was a spiritual vision, implying that the king was reacting to spiritual insight, rather than looking into the flames. And yet, his words and actions suggest he was indeed watching, probably out of the same spite that caused him to order the execution (Daniel 3:24).

This fire is probably part of a “furnace,” or an ancient lime kiln, which had openings on both the top and the side. Through the lower gap, the king perhaps expected to see the remains of three Hebrew captives. Instead, he sees four figures, untied, and moving. Hebrews 11:34 alludes to this miracle by remarking that by faith believers “quenched the power of fire.” The word “quenched” as used in those contexts most literally means “made ineffective.” The fire was not extinguished, but it had no power over the men inside.

One of the four figures is described as “like a son of the gods.” It’s possible this was a preincarnate appearance of Jesus, or it may have simply been an angelic being such as Michael the Archangel (Daniel 10:13; 12:1). Some translations suggest Nebuchadnezzar referred to this person as “like the Son of God.” This would be an incredibly precise reference to Jesus. However, the pagan king had no knowledge of Hebrew prophecy, nor a worldview including God the Son as described by the Bible. Rather, what the king saw was a fourth figure of unmistakably supernatural power.

Before their ordeal, the three Hebrew men confidently told the king they would not worship his idol. They were confident that God could save them, despite Nebuchadnezzar’s arrogance (Daniel 3:15). They were prepared to die for their faith, knowing God was not obligated to rescue them, but trusting that the Lord would do what was best (Daniel 3:16–18). Here, their faith is validated.

Verse 26. Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the door of the burning fiery furnace; he declared, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, servants of the Most High God, come out, and come here!” Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego came out from the fire.

Leading up to this moment, Babylon’s king, Nebuchadnezzar, was absolutely enraged by the defiance of three Hebrew captives (Daniel 3:16–18). In his anger, he commanded them to be thrown, immediately, into a superheated furnace (Daniel 3:19–23). Apparently, the king wanted to see the results of his spite—but instead of three charred corpses, he saw four men, all alive, and one with a supernatural appearance (Daniel 3:24–25). This abruptly changes the king’s attitude. In fact, he not only wants the men to come out from the furnace, but he also wants to speak with them in person.

Here, the pagan king calls out to his intended victims, referring to them as “servants of the Most High God.” His meaning is literal, and different from how that phrase might be used by a modern believer. Nebuchadnezzar still believed in many deities—but this experience has convinced him that the God of Israel is not merely strong (Daniel 2:47), but that He is the most powerful of these varied gods (Daniel 3:29).

This verse repeats the names of these three men, in the same pattern seen over a dozen times throughout the passage (Daniel 3:12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30). Repetition is a theme of this passage, in part for poetic rhythm, and partly to point out the heavy-handed nature of Nebuchadnezzar’s rule.

Context Summary
Daniel 3:26–30 records the aftermath of king Nebuchadnezzar’s failed attempt to punish those who defied his command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:16–19). The three men were seen alive inside a furnace, along with a fourth person (Daniel 3:24–25). When the three emerge completely unaffected by the flames, the king shockingly acknowledges that their faith was well-placed and that they were right to defy his order. He commands the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego be protected from all criticism and promotes the three Hebrews once again (Daniel 2:48–49).

Verse 27. And the satraps, the prefects, the governors, and the king ‘s counselors gathered together and saw that the fire had not had any power over the bodies of those men. The hair of their heads was not singed, their cloaks were not harmed, and no smell of fire had come upon them.

It’s not surprising to read that many, many witnesses wanted to examine three men who had just experienced miraculous rescue. These men refused the king’s order to worship an idol (Daniel 3:16–18)..The command was meant to affirm the supremacy of Babylonian gods. In response, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the Israelites bound, in their clothes, and thrown into a superheated furnace (Daniel 3:19–23). Here, we see that every facet of the king’s temper tantrum was foiled. The men survive—though the king’s own soldiers died throwing them into the fire—they are free of their bonds, and even their clothes are unaffected (Daniel 3:24–26).

More importantly, the king is deeply struck by the supremacy of the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Daniel 1:6–7). Moments ago, he was fuming in anger at being defied, but soon he will declare that these men were right to disobey his orders (Daniel 3:28).

This combination of details harmonizes with the language used to record this passage. Most of the Old Testament, including the book of Daniel, was written in Hebrew. This portion (Daniel 2:4—7:28) is in Aramaic: the common language of Babylon in Daniel’s era. These incidents speak to, or about, the Gentile people. Here, God makes it clear that the most powerful kings have no effect, whatsoever, on the Lord’s power over His people or the affairs of the world. Mighty Nebuchadnezzar, king of the world’s most powerful empire, was helpless against God’s will.

In the tribulation period 144,000 believing Jews will emerge unharmed from a fiery persecution during Antichrist’s reign of terror (Revelation 7:1–8; 12:13–14). Isaiah foretold this protection. In Isaiah 43:1–3 he writes these words of God: “Fear not, for I have redeemed you; I have called you by my name, you are mind. When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and through the rivers, they shall not overwhelm you; when you walk through fire you shall not be burned, and the flame shall not consume you. For I am the Lᴏʀᴅ your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior.”

Verse 28. Nebuchadnezzar answered and said, “Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who has sent his angel and delivered his servants, who trusted in him, and set aside the king ‘s command, and yielded up their bodies rather than serve and worship any god except their own God.

When the God of the Hebrews was credited with revealing Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Daniel 2:26–28), the king acknowledged that God’s power (Daniel 2:46–49). Yet in Nebuchadnezzar’s mind, there was no reason Jews could not honor their God and also worship the deities of Babylon. He flew into an irrational rage when three Hebrew men refused his command to bow in front of an idol (Daniel 3:16–19). They trusted that God could save them but resolved not to sin even if it cost them their lives. Here, Nebuchadnezzar’s attitude is not merely reversed, but the pagan king also makes a shocking comment: that the three men were right to disobey his command!

When he first challenged the Israelites, the king sarcastically asked what possible god could protect them from his royal wrath (Daniel 3:15). That insincere question results in a sincere answer: the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego could, and He did just that (Daniel 3:20–25).

Verse 29. Therefore I make a decree: Any people, nation, or language that speaks anything against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego shall be torn limb from limb, and their houses laid in ruins, for there is no other god who is able to rescue in this way.”

On multiple occasions, Nebuchadnezzar threatens those who disobey him with extreme violence (Daniel 2:5; 3:6). Here, again, he demands his opinion be enforced on pain of gruesome death. Very recently, the king had sarcastically asked what deity could possibly save anyone from his wrath (Daniel 3:15). He flew into a rage when three Hebrew men defied his orders (Daniel 3:16–19). That suddenly changed when the men were miraculously rescued (Daniel 3:24–26) and the king was forced to admit they’d been right to disobey his order (Daniel 3:28). This was not a complete acceptance of the Israelite’s Lord as the One True God, but it was an admission that he was wrong to demand Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego worship an idol.

Nebuchadnezzar has come to admire the true God, but he did not rule out the existence of other gods. Nor did the king resolve to set those other idols aside. His initial anger was due to a misplaced belief that everyone—even the Jewish captives—could worship their own God and honor other gods. That confusion has not changed much, other than Nebuchadnezzar recognizing the power of the Israelite God to preserve his followers’ lives.

Only by trusting in God’s Son as Savior can a person truly know God (John 1:12; 14:6; Acts 4:12). Yet, even today, many people follow a subtle version of Nebuchadnezzar’s mistake. They go through the motions of worshiping the Lord Sunday by Sunday without knowing Him personally. They believe it’s possible to serve and honor other things—idols—and simply think of God as “best of many options” (Matthew 19:20–24; Mark 10:23–31; Luke 16:13).

Verse 30. Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the province of Babylon.

When Nebuchadnezzar received a God-ordained answer to his troubling dream (Daniel 2:17–19), he responded with promotions for Daniel and his three friends (Daniel 2:47–49). Those friends (Daniel 1:6–7) have survived the king’s rage at defying his command to worship an idol (Daniel 3:16–18). This caused Nebuchadnezzar to commend their faith and give them additional honors (Daniel 3:28–29).

Scholars differ on what the exact reward was. He may have restored them to their prior positions of rank and authority or elevated them to even higher positions. He may have given them favor, leading to their continued success. The three men are not mentioned again in Scripture.

What happened to the three Hebrew men seemed terrible at first. Without doubt, what was done to them was irrational, evil, and horribly violent. Yet the Lord ensured the result was for their benefit. This turn of events echoes the experience of Joseph in the book of Genesis. After being betrayed by his brothers, he told them later, “As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good, to bring it about that many people should be kept alive, as they are today” (Genesis 50:20). Saved survivors of the tribulation, too, will become prominent and occupy prestigious positions in Messiah’s kingdom. They will supervise the business of cities during Jesus’ millennial reign (Matthew 24:45, 47; 25:21, 23; Revelation 20:4).

End of Daniel Chapter 3

Please Note:

The material use in this post, video is from BibleRef.com which is from Got Questions Ministries and is posted here to be read by Immersive reader in the Edge Browser. If you copy this material please follow these rules:

•Content from BibleRef.com may not be used for any commercial purposes, or as part of any commercial work, without explicit prior written consent from Got Questions ministries.

•Any use of our material should be properly credited; please make it clear the content is from BibleRef.com.

•BibleRef.com content may not be altered, modified, or otherwise changed unless such changes are specifically noted.