Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Proverbs Chapter 21 mean?

Proverbs chapter 21 continues a long series of wise statements attributed to Solomon (Proverbs 10:1). Early comments in this passage remark on God’s perfect knowledge of our innermost thoughts. Merely “doing” right is not enough to please God. He knows whether we act in arrogance or humility, and whether pious actions are motivated by worship, or selfishness. As do other parts of the book of Proverbs, this section extols the value of wisdom and warns against the consequences of sin and wickedness (Proverbs 21:1–16).

The second part of this chapter emphasizes the power of wisdom (Proverbs 1:7) as compared to the dangers of rejecting godliness. Living according to wisdom does not make a person invincible, but it greatly increases one’s likelihood of success. This passage repeats God’s intense disgust at those who try to whitewash their sin using sacrifices or other acts of service. God, and God alone, is ultimately in control of all things. This includes daily life and the victor on a battlefield (Proverbs 21:17–31).

Chapter Context
This is part of the second major section of the book (Proverbs 10—22) featuring nearly four hundred statements. Most of these are two-line comments presenting common sense and general wisdom. The vague theme of chapter 21 is God’s control. Man may believe he is in control of his circumstances, but God superintends everything. The chapter begins and ends by assuring the readers that God holds ultimate sway over all things.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. The king ‘s heart is a stream of water in the hand of the Lord;he turns it wherever he will.

This verse credits the Lord with sovereign control over kings. Other proverbs note the tremendous power kings and rulers hold in this world (Proverbs 19:12). Yet the most powerful person is still subject to God’s power and His will (Proverbs 21:30). If or when God chooses, He can shape a person’s inner desires (Exodus 10:1–2). The Lord can use even secular government leaders to serve His purpose.

In 538 BC the Lord moved King Cyrus of Persia to pass an edict allowing the Hebrew captives to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple. Cyrus said, “The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he has charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem. which is in Judah” (Ezra 1:2). Centuries later, God used Caesar Augustus to cause Joseph and Mary to go to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born in fulfillment of the prophecy of Micah 5:2. Luke records the fact that Caesar Augustus, Emperor of Rome, passed a decree that all the world should be registered. Therefore, everyone went to his own town to be registered (Luke 2:1–3). The decree caused Joseph to go to Bethlehem, his ancestral town, and to take Mary with him (Luke 2:4–5). While they were in Bethlehem, Jesus was born (Luke 2:6–7).

Context Summary
Proverbs 21:1–16 continues Solomon’s wise observations (Proverbs 10:1) by acknowledging the Lord’s control of kings. He also mentions what the Lord despises: pride, love of money, violence, the conduct of the wicked, the withholding of charity, bribery, and apostasy. On the other hand, he commends righteousness and justice, pure conduct, wise acceptance of instruction, and charity.

Verse 2. Every way of a man is right in his own eyes,but the Lord weighs the heart.

The Lord can control the hearts of anyone, even a king (Proverbs 21:1), because He knows the smallest details of our inner thoughts. A person may think his behavior is fine, but the ultimate Judge is God. No matter how good a person may think he is, the Lord looks upon the heart and sees whatever sin is there. Other Scriptures indicate our hearts are prone to self-deception about sin (Jeremiah 17:9). People may judge each other, assuming they can know with perfection who is good, but the Lord sees what we cannot see (1 Samuel 16:7).

Ultimately, all people have a level of sin in their inner being. The Bible notes that “none is righteous, no, not one” (Romans 3:10). The same passage also declares, “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). The Pharisee who stood in the temple and arrogantly compared himself to others, including someone who stood nearby, thought he was righteous because he performed religious acts. However, God knew his heart and did not justify him. He justified the person who acknowledged his sin and prayed, “God, be merciful to me, a sinner” (Luke 18:13).

Verse 3. To do righteousness and justiceis more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice.

Scripture often notes that, while actions are important, they are driven by attitudes. Our thoughts matter just as much as our deeds. In the same way, the overall pattern of our lives matters more than occasional acts of piety. Any confusion about this is answered here. The Lord is pleased with a holy, justice-seeking life (Proverbs 1:7) more than hollow acts of religious ritual.

The prophet Micah (Micah 6:6–7) asked God what He desired. Micah’s suggestions included burnt offerings, year-old calves, thousands of rams, ten thousand rivers of oil, and even his firstborn son. He receives the answer that God’s expectations are not defined purely by material sacrifices. His will for mankind is rooted in justice, kindness, and humility. (Micah 6:8).

This and other portions of the Bible note that religious rituals or offerings cannot balance out disobedience to God (Proverbs 15:8). The Lord ordered King Saul to completely erase the Amalekites and their livestock (1 Samuel 15:3). Instead, Saul spared the enemy king and what he thought was the best of their livestock (1 Samuel 15:9). His disobedience showed that his heart was not right with the Lord. When the prophet Samuel confronted Saul, Saul said he had kept the best of the sheep and the oxen to sacrifice to God. Yet this was not an acceptable reason to disobey God’s clear command. Samuel replied, “Has the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD?” (1 Samuel 15:22).

Verse 4. Haughty eyes and a proud heart,the lamp of the wicked, are sin.

Scripture sometimes uses the imagery of a lamp in reference to what guides a person. A positive example of this would be the one who lets God’s instruction lead their choices (Proverbs 6:23; Psalm 18:28). A negative example is the one controlled by their temptations and urges (Matthew 6:22–23). Lamps are also sometimes used to depict a person’s life, itself (Proverbs 24:20; Matthew 5:14–16).

This proverb notes that immoral people are guided by arrogance and selfishness. In effect, the arrogant person worships himself. Their life is defined and guided by their preferences, instead of a sincere interest in God’s truth (Proverbs 3:1–5). Such attitudes are completely incompatible with submission to Him (Proverbs 6:16–19; Psalm 101:5).

A graphic example of God’s hatred for arrogance was Herod Agrippa, who loved the praise of Jews and Gentiles alike. Yet he opposed the Lord by persecuting the apostles. Herod also worked for the worship of the people of Tyre and Sidon who depended on him for food. Acts 12:21 tells us he put on robes and delivered a speech. When the people shouted and declared him to be God, Herod should have deflected that praise to the Lord. Instead, he absorbed the worship for himself (Acts 12:22). This resulted in a speedy, but gruesome death (Acts 12:23). Herod learned the hard way that “God opposes the proud” (James 4:6).

Verse 5. The plans of the diligent lead surely to abundance,but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty.

This verse contrasts carefully prepared work with last-minute decisions and sloppy choices. Those who think before they act, and who think well, tend to see better results than those who act on impulse or at the last moment. As a proverb, this is meant as a general statement, not an absolute guarantee. Attentive people can suffer loss, and careless people can stumble into success. Common sense, however, supports the idea that being lazy or negligent in planning typically leads to disaster (Proverbs 10:4; 12:23; 18:9).

Jesus references the difference between careful thought and senseless impulse when speaking of what it meant to become His follower. He asked: “For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost, whether he has enough to complete it?” (Luke 14:28). Starting to build without planning might lead to ridicule if the builder only had enough funds for the foundation (Luke 14:29–30). Jesus also referred to a king who considers whether his soldiers can defeat a force twice their size. Usually, a wise ruler would negotiate for peace (Luke 14:31–32).

Even when it comes to responding to Jesus’ call to discipleship, a purely emotional reaction is unlikely to lead to anything but failure. Diligent thought about the cost of discipleship, leading a person to respond positively to Jesus’ call, is far more likely to lead to loyalty and growth.

Verse 6. The getting of treasures by a lying tongueis a fleeting vapor and a snare of death.

Since the world is a corrupt place (2 Peter 1:4), it’s possible to gain temporary wealth through dishonest means. But those who ignore God’s goodness and seek money, instead, are headed for terrible disaster (Proverbs 15:27). That consequence often comes in this life, either by legal ramifications or revenge from those who’ve been cheated. But it will certainly come in eternity; God judges those who reject Him in favor of wealth (Proverbs 10:2). One way or another, sin leads to destruction (Proverbs 21:7).

Some lie to gain wealth, but that pursuit is futile. Riches can only last so long as earthly life (Luke 12:19–20). Contemporary history is full of stories about those who used deceit to steal from victims. Crooked salesmen, dishonest stockbrokers, and telephone scammers are among the typical examples given of those who use dishonesty to make a living. Regardless of the exact nature of the sin, anyone who lives by theft will pay a bitter price for the crimes. Psalm 68:2 predicts the judgment wicked people face. This verse says, “As smoke is driven away, so you shall drive them [the wicked] away; as wax melts before fire, so the wicked shall perish before God.” The idea of dishonest people being caught in the snare of death may suggest their lives are in jeopardy. Those whom they swindle may take revenge by killing the swindlers. Or perhaps the idea suggests the swindlers put themselves in line for divine judgment. Trying to get rich by deceiving others is a dangerous pursuit.

Verse 7. The violence of the wicked will sweep them away,because they refuse to do what is just.

In a broad sense, the “violence” mentioned here implies all forms of sin and evil (Proverbs 6:16–19). Other Scriptures note that those who persist in sin are likely to be destroyed by their own crimes (Psalm 7:12–16; Proverbs 26:27). There is no way for someone to hide their sin from God (Hebrews 4:13) and rejecting His truth leads to eternal ruin (Proverbs 8:34–36).

Of course, because the world is corrupt (2 Peter 1:4), those who do evil are not always caught and punished immediately. Asaph, one writer of psalms, struggled with seeing wicked people succeed (Psalm 73:2–7). Much like this proverb, he described them as wearing violence, speaking evil, and making threats (Psalm 73:6–8). Eventually, Asaph remembered that earthly life is not the end, nor is it the only time for God’s judgement to fall. He writes, “Truly you set them in slippery places; you make them fall to ruin. How they are destroyed in a moment, swept away utterly by terrors! Like a dream when one awakes, O Lord, when you rouse yourself, you despise them as phantoms” (Psalm 73:18–19).

Another example of God bringing judgment to wicked people who thought they would escape is found in the end times. The book of Revelation indicates that the Lord will destroy a wicked city or civilization labeled as Babylon. When God does this, a throng of voices praise Him. The voices cry out: “Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God, for his judgments are true and just; for he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her immorality, and has avenged on her the blood of his servants” (Revelation 19:1–2).

Verse 8. The way of the guilty is crooked,but the conduct of the pure is upright.

This verse contrasts sinfulness and evil with those “pure” actions aligned with God’s will (Proverbs 1:7; 3:1–5; 8:34–35). Scripture often uses the metaphor of a path to refer to one’s life and life choices (Proverbs 2:12–15). The term used for “crooked” here is hapakpak’, rather than the term ‘iqqesh seen in other Proverbs, often rendered as “perverted.” The word used here suggests something being turned or rolled over. This verse also contains a poetic use of rhyming words: the Hebrew terms used to translate “guilty” and “upright” sound almost identical.

While this verse primarily speaks of those who are persistently, deliberately evil, the Bible teaches that all human beings wander away from the path of righteousness (Isaiah 53:6; Romans 3:12). A clear distinction was evident between righteous Noah, who found grace in God’s sight, and all others. Genesis 6:5 reports that “the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.” Genesis 7:1 notes this distinction: “Then the LORD said to Noah, ‘Go into the ark, you and all your household, for I have seen that you are righteous before me in this generation.’”

Our ability to know another person’s heart is severely limited (1 Samuel 16:7; John 7:24). Still, there is a clear distinction between the conduct reflecting purity which rightly reflects a life saved by grace, versus a life fully engaged in the slavery of sin. The unsaved walk “following the course of the world, following the prince of the power of the air” (Ephesians 2:2), but those who are saved and respond as they should participate in good works (Ephesians 2:10).

Verse 9. It is better to live in a corner of the housetopthan in a house shared with a quarrelsome wife.

Once again, Solomon notes the stress and misery caused by an argumentative, negative wife (Proverbs 19:13). Ancient homes, in Solomon’s era, often had flat roofs accessible by stairs. In both a literal and figurative sense, Solomon is referencing the stereotypical image of a man who would rather be cold, alone, and uncomfortable than inside with a wife who “nags” and finds fault.

The phrasing here is literally about a woman bringing grief to a man, but the principle applies to either spouse. Harmony and helpfulness are the ideal for any marriage, but tempers and personality conflicts can disrupt that partnership. When one’s spouse is constantly complaining, arguing, or bringing insults, the other spouse suffers a great deal of stress and anxiety.

God created the first woman, Eve, to live in harmony with her husband Adam. He created her to be a helper and treasured partner (Genesis 2:18). The apostle Peter exhorts wives to adorn their hearts “with the imperishable beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which in God’s sight is very precious” (1 Peter 3:4). With equal importance, God called on husbands to love and sacrifice for their wives by following the example of Jesus Christ (Ephesians 5:28).

The exact same statement is repeated in Proverbs 25:24.

Verse 10. The soul of the wicked desires evil;his neighbor finds no mercy in his eyes.

A cornerstone aspect of biblical morality is “love” for one’s neighbors. This includes more than emotional aspects; it’s meant to imply working for that person’s benefit. Scripture notes that the definition of “neighbor” even includes those whom society thinks we ought to hate (Luke 10:29–37; John 13:34). This proverb presents a contrast to that ideal. For those who reject God’s goodness and wisdom (Proverbs 1:7; 10:23), their neighbors are objects of evil intent (Proverbs 3:29; 14:21).

Wickedness originates in the human soul. No one can say God is the source of their sinful urges because God cannot be tempted with evil, nor does He tempt anyone (James 1:13). Instead, James writes, “But each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own evil desire. Then desire when it has conceived gives birth to sin, and sin when it is fully grown brings forth death” (James 1:14). The apostle John warns about three sources of sinful desire: the flesh, the eyes, and pride (1 John 2:16).

Believers have a choice. The Holy Spirit, who resides in them, wants to produce godly traits in them; therefore, believers ought to obey the exhortation: “Walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh” (Galatians 5:16).

Verse 11. When a scoffer is punished, the simple becomes wise;when a wise man is instructed, he gains knowledge.

An earlier proverb noted that even simple-minded people can learn from the example of wrongdoers who are punished (Proverbs 19:25). The “scoffer” being punished here is defined by a Hebrew word meaning “mocker, inflated, scorner.” These are the unteachable, arrogant ones who respond to any attempt to change their mind with ridicule and sneers (Proverbs 9:7–8; 15:12; 24:9).

Even if a person has little experience or knowledge, they can learn not to commit crimes if they are open-minded. They see the consequences and make sensible choices to avoid them. This is presented as a parallel to the wise person (Proverbs 1:7) who learns through instruction: hearing and accepting sound teaching (Proverbs 9:9; 13:14). Considering the fate of others and making better choices is, itself, an expression of wisdom.

More effective than watching others fail is studying God’s Word. Paul writes to Timothy in 2 Timothy 1:5, “I am reminded of your sincere faith, a faith that dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in you as well.” Further, he tells Timothy, “and how from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 3:15). The Scriptures, Paul testifies, are “profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:16–17).

Verse 12. The Righteous One observes the house of the wicked;he throws the wicked down to ruin.

Only God is credited with the ability to render absolute judgment (Psalm 1:5; 9:16). This means that the “Righteous One” in this proverb is the Lord, God, Himself. The book of Proverbs warns about evil leading to God’s wrath (Proverbs 10:29; 14:32) and notes that His knowledge is complete over such matters (Proverbs 15:11). Nothing is hidden from God’s knowledge (Hebrews 4:13; Matthew 12:36) and only a fool thinks God does not notice (Psalm 10:9–15; 94:2–7).

God searches the heart and mind (1 Samuel 16:7) and observes everything about every person. Jeremiah 17:10 says, “I the LORD search the heart and test the mind, to give to every man according to his ways, according to the fruit of his deeds.” At the great white throne, history’s final judgment, God will consign all unbelievers to the lake of fire because they did not believe on Jesus as their Savior (John 3:16–18, 36). At that time, He will also produce the record of everyone’s deeds as proof of their sin. Revelation 20:12 says, “And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Then another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to what they had done.”

Verse 13. Whoever closes his ear to the cry of the poorwill himself call out and not be answered.

This comment connects to the previous proverb (Proverbs 21:12). That statement indicated that God, “The Righteous One,” would ruin those who acted wickedly. Here, we see echoes of the same idea. To ignore legitimate need is a sin (Proverbs 14:31; 17:5; 19:17). Just as those who have no concept of forgiveness prove they are not forgiven (Matthew 6:14–15), showing no sense of grace to those in need suggests someone who has not, themselves, experienced grace (Luke 6:38; John 13:34). Discerning when someone is lazy (2 Thessalonians 3:10) is different from ignoring those who need help (James 1:27). Christians should never turn a deaf ear to those who are in need.

Throughout Scripture God shows compassion for the poor. The epistle of James contends for faith which results in action: producing good works. James 2:8 describes the royal law as, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Verse 13 indicates that “judgment is without mercy to one who has shown no mercy.” Acts 2 reports a great turning to the Lord by many who were in Jerusalem for Pentecost. The converts included people from all around the Mediterranean world. They stayed in Jerusalem and became members of the church there. However, they had no visible means of support because they had left their homes and jobs. In response to their need, “all who believed … had all things in common. And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need” (Acts 2:44–45).

Verse 14. A gift in secret averts anger,and a concealed bribe, strong wrath.

Once again, Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) notes how the world is, without endorsing that fact as ideal (Proverbs 17:8). Solomon is not giving his approval of this action; he is simply stating the fact that such practices take place and produce desirable results.

Exodus 23:8 clearly condemns bribery by stating, “And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and subverts the cause of those who are in the right.” Deuteronomy 16:19 repeats this command for the new generation of Israelites who would enter the Promised Land. This verse reads: “You shall not pervert justice. You shall not show partiality, and you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the cause of the righteous.”

Jacob understood the fact that giving gifts to an angry person can subdue his anger. On his return home Jacob sent messengers with gifts to his brother Esau, from whom he had stolen the birthright. The gifts were meant to cool any residual anger Esau held (Genesis 33:8). The two men met on cordial terms (Genesis 33:4), and, after some urging, Esau agreed to keep Jacob’s gift (Genesis 33:9–11).

Verse 15. When justice is done, it is a joy to the righteousbut terror to evildoers.

True “justice” is that which corresponds to God’s will and His standards (Proverbs 1:1–7; 21:3). When truth and goodness are enforced, through punishment for those who do evil, wicked people are rightly afraid (Proverbs 3:25–26; 10:24).

Not all punishment is just (Proverbs 17:26). Many Christians are persecuted or even martyred around the world. But someday the Lord will execute justice upon the persecutors, and believers will rejoice that the Lord has vindicated them. Jesus said, “Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you” (Matthew 5:11–12).

First Peter 4:12 refers to intense challenges to be faced by first-century believers. Scholars suggest he may have been referring to Emperor Nero’s practice of burning Christians alive at the stake. Peter tells his readers to “rejoice insofar as you share Christ’s sufferings, that you may also rejoice and be glad when his glory is revealed” (1 Peter 4:13). When Christ’s glory is revealed, evildoers will be terrified (2 Thessalonians 1:5–10; Revelation 19:11–21).

Verse 16. One who wanders from the way of good sensewill rest in the assembly of the dead.

Scripture often compares a person’s lifestyle and choices to a “path,” or a “way.” There is considerable overlap between common sense and God’s eternal truths (Proverbs 1:7). The more one seeks truth (Proverbs 18:15), the more closely one follows God’s will (Proverbs 8:13; 10:14).

The consequences threatened in this proverb can be earthly, eternal, or both. Some choose to live for pleasure, fame, or fortune, but destruction lies at the end of such a life. Jesus said, “Enter by the narrow gate. For the gate is wide and the way is easy that leads to destruction, and those who enter by it are many. For the gate is narrow and the way is hard that leads to life, and those who find it are few” (Matthew 7:13–14). Although God’s way may present various trials, it is always the right way. All other ways may seem appealing, but they lead to eternal death (Proverbs 12:28; 14:12).

Verse 17. Whoever loves pleasure will be a poor man;he who loves wine and oil will not be rich.

Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) warns that living for pleasure causes a person to become destitute. The modern world, in many ways, has made it easier for people to be lost in mindless entertainment. Many individuals live for pleasure, instead of better investing time and finances. Obsession with pleasure—with pleasing oneself in the moment—is also a sign of spiritual weakness. Second Timothy 3:2–4 warns about this as a symptom of a world moving away from God: “…people will be lovers of self…lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God.”

Similarly, 1 Timothy 5:6 notes, “she who is self-indulgent is dead even while she lives.” In Ecclesiastes 2:1 Solomon testifies: “I said in my heart, ‘Come now, I will test you with pleasure; enjoy yourself.’ But behold this also was vanity [emptiness].”

Wine and oil were used at feasts (Psalm 104:15; Proverbs 27:9; Amos 6:6). The host and guests drank wine, and the oil meant here was a perfume poured over the head of an honored person. Hoarding such things, instead of investing them, would not be an effective use of resources. In another way, those who love luxuries (“wine and oil”) such that they prioritize them will be more likely to waste their resources and become poor.

Context Summary
Proverbs 21:17–31 continues the recorded wisdom of Solomon (Proverbs 10:1). He contrasts the wise person with the foolish person, the righteous with the wicked, the lazy person with the diligent, and human wisdom with the Lord’s sovereignty.

Verse 18. The wicked is a ransom for the righteous,and the traitor for the upright.

Throughout history God’s people have suffered at the hands of wicked people, but someday God’s people will be avenged. The wicked will be punished, and the righteous will be free of suffering. The meaning of this proverb seems to be that God’s holy anger will turn to those who defy Him, and away from those who seek to honor His name. An earlier proverb echoed this concept in broad terms (Proverbs 11:8). When the wicked fall under God’s wrath, they can no longer persecute believers, and those believers are “ransomed” from their hardships.

When Achan was punished for his treacherous act of stealing what was devoted to the Lord for destruction, he was a ransom for Israel. Israel was then able to defeat the men of Ai (Joshua 7:1—8:29). The book of Esther provides another example of the wicked becoming a ransom for the righteous. Wicked Haman passionately tried to kill righteous Mordecai. He even prepared gallows for Mordecai’s execution. However, in the end Haman perished on the gallows he had built for Mordecai. God’s people will not suffer forever. Someday God will wipe all tears from their eyes and punish the wicked. Until that day, we have the assurance that “the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness an unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth” (Romans 1:18).

Verse 19. It is better to live in a desert landthan with a quarrelsome and fretful woman.

Once again (Proverbs 21:9) Solomon observes that luxury and comfort cannot make up for a negative, toxic relationship with one’s spouse. The harsh conditions of a desert are preferable to the harsher conditions in such a home. The wording here is literally about a “wife,” but the general idea applies to either sex (Proverbs 19:13; 27:15).

Although marriage is meant to unite a man and a woman, the union may be shaky when one spouse nags, argues, berates, or complains about the other. A happy marriage is one in which both partners honor the Lord and love each other (Ephesians 5:22–33). For the sake of a tranquil home each spouse must overlook the other’s faults. Self-sacrificing love is the glue that binds husband and wife together in a joyful marriage. First Corinthians 13:4–5 describes such love as “patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful.”

Verse 20. Precious treasure and oil are in a wise man ‘s dwelling,but a foolish man devours it.

This commends the man who maintains provisions: who takes care not to run out of important supplies. Good stewardship involves guarding resources and using them wisely. A wise manager of what God has given is not stingy or greedy, but charitable. Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) contrasts this stewardship with foolish wastefulness. The foolish man does not see his possessions as God’s investment in need of careful handling. Rather, he consumes like a wild animal gulping down prey. The fool focuses on immediate pleasure (Proverbs 21:17) and wastes resources he will need in the future.

A vivid example of this fate is seen in the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15:11–32). That man foolishly took his share of the inheritance and wasted it through pleasure-seeking. When all his resources were gone, he took a lowly job feeding pigs. He was starving to the point of wishing he could eat the pig’s food. That experience demonstrates the warning given in this passage.

Verse 21. Whoever pursues righteousness and kindness will find life, righteousness, and honor.

Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) wisely points out that a life marked by virtues such as kindness and morality tends to result in longer life, spiritual growth, and a good reputation. This pursuit involves a proper relationship to God, tied to “righteousness.” It also demands a proper relationship to others, characterized by “kindness.” These are sometimes referred to as “vertical” and “horizontal” relationships, respectively. Of course, this is not an absolute rule, since good people can suffer unfair treatment in this life. But those who sincerely seek Christ, and His goodness, can expect eternal rewards (Matthew 6:33).

Jesus echoed the lesson of this verse by saying, “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied” (Matthew 5:6). When a person believes on Jesus as Savior, he receives eternal life and righteousness (John 3:16; 2 Corinthians 5:21), and when he shows kindness to others, they honor him. In the early church a woman named Dorcas was righteous and kind. According to Acts 9:36, “she was full of good works and acts of charity.” When she died, her peers honored her. They summoned Peter, and with tears, all the widows showed him the tunics and other garments that Dorcas had made (Acts 9:39).

Verse 22. A wise man scales the city of the mightyand brings down the stronghold in which they trust.

The book of Proverbs often commends wisdom for the success it can bring (Proverbs 3:1–8; 16:20). Here, Solomon poetically depicts wisdom enabling a man to climb the walls of a fortified town and bring down its defenses. Wisdom provides strength and security which can overcome any physical advantage.

The apostle Paul preached the wisdom of God revealed in Christ crucified (1 Corinthians 2:1–5) to conquer the will of the mighty men of Athens. Declaring the gospel to the philosophers assembled on the Areopagus, Paul called for repentance. Acts 17:34 reports that “some men joined him and believed, among whom were Dionysius the Areopagite and a woman named Damaris and others with them.” A humble believer armed with the wisdom of the gospel can break through the barriers in which unbelievers trust. He can bring down their confidence in their good works or their trust in their own intellect. Paul writes in Romans 1:16: “For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes.”

Verse 23. Whoever keeps his mouth and his tonguekeeps himself out of trouble.

Solomon lived in an era without the internet, recording devices, or mass communications. And yet, he still recognized the danger of uncontrolled speech. Some people talk too much, to their own detriment. The same Hebrew word is translated into English as “keep” and “guard.” The person who guards his mouth and his tongue spares himself a lot of trouble. Lying, gossip, slander, and cursing have ruined many who would have stayed out of trouble if they had kept their mouths shut. In an era where every word can be recorded, broadcast, and criticized, Solomon’s counsel is as appropriate today as when he gave it.

Of course, this advice is not easy to apply. The apostle James writes, “If anyone does not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man” (James 3:2). He describes the tongue as a “a small member, yet it boasts of great things” (James 3:5), “a fire, a world of unrighteousness” (James 3:6), and “a restless evil” (James 3:8). He stresses how hard it is to control the tongue.

Verse 24. “Scoffer” is the name of the arrogant, haughty manwho acts with arrogant pride.

This statement provides a handy reference for other proverbs where Solomon refers to a “scoffer” or “mocker” (Proverbs 9:7; 13:1; 15:12; 24:9). This person is conceited and overconfident, with behavior betraying a smug type of egotism. The scoffer doesn’t necessarily brag or flaunt their attitude. However, they think and act as if their opinion is as good as fact; as if nothing, even God Himself, is sufficient to change their mind.

Attitudes associated with a “scoffer” mock others, including God. Asaph describes wicked men as scoffers who “set their mouths against the heavens” (Psalm 73:9). These people have a high opinion of themselves, presuming themselves more important than others, including God. Genesis 11 relates the story of a generation so arrogant that its people thought they should be remembered forever. They planned to build a city with an immense tower, probably as a way of claiming they were immune to another great flood (Genesis 11:4). Despite their egomania, God judged the arrogant builders by confusing their language and scattering them over the face of the earth (Genesis 11:7–8). Humility will come to all people, either by submission to the Creator or because of His judgment (Matthew 23:12; Proverbs 3:34–35).

Verse 25. The desire of the sluggard kills him,for his hands refuse to labor.

Verses 25 and 26 are paired to contrast the productivity of laziness, here presented as a moral failure, and righteousness which turns away from idleness. A “sluggard” is someone lazy or habitually slow to act (Proverbs 6:6; 10:26; 19:24; 20:4; 26:14). The “desire” of such a person is to do nothing. Acting according to that preference leads to destruction, and even death. The lazy person is much more likely to struggle in finances, a career, in relationships, and in health. The second half of this dual proverb notes that the lazy person is a bottomless pit of “wants,” while the righteous person is like a never-ending well of generosity (Proverbs 21:26).

Scripture clearly distinguishes between those who “will not” work, as in those who are lazy, versus those who “cannot” work due to physical or mental disability and illness. Those who struggle to work or provide for themselves should be cared for. The person too lazy to work does not deserve to be fed or supported. Nor should they be allowed to waste resources which could be used to help those truly in need (2 Thessalonians 3:10; Proverbs 14:21; 22:22).

The Bible portrays work as both necessary and good, in the right context. In the garden of Eden, God charged Adam with the responsibility to work and take care of the garden. Bible characters from Genesis on worked. Some were shepherds or farmers. Several of Jesus’ disciples were fishermen (Matthew 4:18). Joseph, Jesus’ earthly father, was a craftsman of some type, likely a carpenter (Matthew 13:55). Luke was a doctor (Colossians 4:14). Cornelius was a soldier (Acts 10:1). Simon was a tanner (Acts 9:43). Lydia was a seller of purple cloth (Acts 16:14). Paul, the great missionary, worked as a tentmaker while he preached (Acts 18:1–4). Colossians 3:23 exhorts: “Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men.” Obviously, the Lord regards diligent work highly.

Verse 26. All day long he craves and craves,but the righteous gives and does not hold back.

This continues a statement made in verse 25, contrasting immoral laziness with a righteous approach to work. A lazy person’s desire to do nothing leads them to ruin, even to death (Proverbs 21:25).

Here, Solomon notes how those who are idle have intense desires, which cannot be fulfilled in part because of their laziness. The person who produces nothing still wants food and shelter; they become a bottomless pit that swallows everything without giving back anything in return. By contrast, a righteous person is generous. This generosity is not merely an expression of godliness, but it is also enabled by their work ethic. The righteous person understands they are a steward of all God has given; therefore, they use money and possessions wisely and with a mind to furthering the gospel.

First Corinthians 4:1–2 states: “This is how one should regard us, as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God. Moreover, it is required of stewards that they be found faithful.” Paul was a faithful steward. In his farewell address to the Ephesian elders, he said, “I coveted no one’s silver or gold or apparel. You yourselves know that these hands ministered to my necessities and to those who were with me. In all things I have shown you that by working hard in this way we must help the weak and remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he himself said, ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive’” (Acts 20:33–35).

Verse 27. The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination;how much more when he brings it with evil intent.

Scripture often reminds us that God judges more than mere actions. Every act is inspired by attitudes, thoughts, and motives, which matter just as much to the Lord (Matthew 5:21–22, 27–28). Earlier in the book of Proverbs, Solomon noted that God despises sacrifices from wicked people, but accepts even the prayers of righteous persons (Proverbs 15:8). Here, the Bible notes that when the “wicked,” meaning those ungodly and guilty, try to offer Him gifts or sacrifices, He is repulsed. The Hebrew root word translated as “abomination” here is tow’ebah, which literally means something disgusting.

What repels God is not the sacrifice itself, but the intent of the person making it. It’s bad enough when someone who defies God attempts to offer sacrifice. It’s even worse when that person thinks they can offer sacrifice to make up for sins for which they have no repentance. In other words, God is especially sickened when a person feels no remorse for sin and thinks they can buy God’s forgiveness. Likewise, when someone tries to gain God’s favor in some inappropriate scheme.

The Lord instituted the Old Testament sacrificial system, but it was intended to be used by worshipers whose hearts were intent on honoring Him. The sacrifices were external, tangible evidence of the person’s internal faith. Sacrifices were never intended to be a substitute for a broken and contrite heart. Although the sacrificial system was fulfilled when Christ offered Himself as the perfect sacrifice (Hebrews 10:13–14), believers today may offer their bodies to God as a living sacrifice (Romans 12:1–2).

Giving money to God willingly and proportionately is another way to worship Him (2 Corinthians 9:6–8). Yet it is detestable—a sin, in and of itself—to give money to God with the hope of appeasing Him or obtaining His help for an unrighteous endeavor.

Verse 28.A false witness will perish,but the word of a man who hears will endure.

Once again, Solomon predicts the judgment faced by those who lie: to perish. In an earlier statement, he noted the long-lasting nature of truth, in contrast to the temporary nature of lies (Proverbs 12:19). In one sense, those who lie subject themselves to risks such as criminal charges, social outrage, or even vengeance from those they hurt (Proverbs 19:5, 9). In another sense, those who make a habit of lying are doomed to suffer God’s wrath (Proverbs 6:16–19). Those characterized by a sincere interest in truth (Proverbs 3:1–6; 9:10–11) not only generate wisdom which lives on, but they also find themselves rewarded by the Lord in eternity (Proverbs 1:7; John 14:6).

Solomon’s praise here is for the person who listens carefully and absorbs what he hears. Other statements in the book of Proverbs refer to false witnesses and those who deceive (Proverbs 14:5; 19:22; 24:28). In contrast, the righteous person is an upright, truthful, dependable witness. False witnesses were brought into Jesus’ trial to contribute to His death sentence (Matthew 26:60), but the apostles were upright men who testified honestly about Jesus when the Sanhedrin interrogated them. They testified: “We cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard” (Acts 4:20).

Revelation 21:8 puts lying in the same category of sins as cowardice, disloyalty, depravity, murder, sexual sin, sorcery, and idolatry. Obviously, God, who is holy and true, detests lying. The lake of fire will be the destiny for those whose lives are defined by those types of evil. However, liars who sincerely repent and trust in Jesus as their Savior will avoid judgment. God’s grace is strong enough to save even the foremost sinner (1 Timothy 1:14–16; 1 Corinthians 6:9–11).

Verse 29. A wicked man puts on a bold face,but the upright gives thought to his ways.

This proverb repeats earlier condemnation of arrogance and unwillingness to learn. The “bold face” noted here is when someone ignores advice or correction, acting as if they are still right (Proverbs 21:24). It can also imply someone using deception and bluster to convince other people of lies. Either way, a godly person is willing to hear advice (Proverbs 12:15), and to change his mind when it’s the sensible response (Proverbs 19:20).

Stubbornness is its own form of sinful pride (Proverbs 29:1). Solomon’s imagery here is of a person scowling or twisting up their face, like a child who refuses to be told “no.” Such a person resists correction. When told to repent and believe, he hardens his heart. He tries to gain others’ trust by putting on a hypocritical face that hides his deception. The upright person is more self-reflective, carefully considering what he does. The godly man submits to the Lord. He repents when he is wrong and seeks forgiveness. He relates to others honestly and humbly.

The Pharisees practiced deception. Jesus said they were hypocrites (Matthew 23:13). They appeared to be religious, but they were wolves in sheep’s clothing. They appeared to be as clean on the outside, but in their hearts were full of rot and death, like painted tombs (Matthew 23:27–28). At one time the young man Saul of Tarsus was a Pharisee, and he agreed with the murder of Stephen (Acts 7:59—8:1), but the Lord changed Saul’s heart, and Saul became a submissive servant of the Lord (Acts 9:1–6).

Verse 30. No wisdom, no understanding, no counselcan avail against the Lord.

Try as we might, human beings cannot out-think God. Nor can we trick Him, overcome Him, or out-maneuver His will (Job 42:2; Proverbs 10:3; Psalm 146:9). It doesn’t matter if the attempt is blatant when someone thinks they can hide their sin from God (Psalm 10:4, 11). It doesn’t matter if someone means well and yet thinks they can bargain with the Lord or force Him to act according to their wishes (Deuteronomy 18:20; Romans 2:4; Galatians 6:7). The Lord is absolutely sovereign (Revelation 19:6).

First Corinthians 3:19–20 concurs with this proverb. Paul writes: “For the wisdom of this world is folly with God. For it is written, ‘He catches the wise in their craftiness,’ and again, ‘The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise, that they are futile.’” Psalm 2:2–3 states, “The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and his Anointed, saying, ‘Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us.’” Verses 4 and 5 depict the Lord as laughing at the nations’ insolence and speaking to them in His wrath and terrifying them. Revelation 20:7–8 prophesies a worldwide revolt against the Lord at the close of His thousand-year reign on earth. But the attempt ends in a horrific judgment and God’s inevitable victory (Revelation 20:9–15).

The next proverb phrases this same idea in military terms (Proverbs 21:31).

Verse 31. The horse is made ready for the day of battle,but the victory belongs to the Lord.

The prior proverb noted, broadly, that no human effort could possibly undo God’s intended purposes. This verse underscores the Lord’s sovereign control of history. A nation may mount an impressive arsenal of weapons, but victory does not depend exclusively upon weapons. God’s will is infinitely more powerful and is ultimately all that matters.

King David understood that chariots and horses—the pinnacle of military technology in that era—do not guarantee victory. He writes in Psalm 20:7–8: “Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the LORD our God. They collapse and fall, but we rise and stand upright.” He also writes in Psalm 33:17: “The war horse is a false hope for salvation, and by its great might it cannot rescue.” A nation’s success in battle is entirely dependent upon the Lord’s will.

End of Proverbs 21

Please Note:

The material use in this post, video is from BibleRef.com which is from Got Questions Ministries and is posted here to be read by Immersive reader in the Edge Browser. If you copy this material please follow these rules:

•Content from BibleRef.com may not be used for any commercial purposes, or as part of any commercial work, without explicit prior written consent from Got Questions ministries.

•Any use of our material should be properly credited; please make it clear the content is from BibleRef.com.

•BibleRef.com content may not be altered, modified, or otherwise changed unless such changes are specifically noted.