Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Proverbs Chapter 19 mean?

The first segment of this chapter makes multiple references to personal integrity and wealth. It’s far better to be moral—and to have a reputation for honesty—than to have temporary wealth and be seen as a liar. And yet, the world all too often favors the wealthy, through shallow “friendships,” while ignoring those who have nothing material to offer. Solomon also notes one of the hallmarks of foolishness: reacting according to one’s desires instead of to truth. The fool jumps at the chance to do things their way. When the inevitable consequences come, they blame God instead of their own choices (Proverbs 19:1–7).

The next group of statements cover a wide range of ideas. These include typical comments about the value of wisdom, the consequences of ignoring it, the importance of common sense and practicality, and the fallible nature of human planning. Self-control should be sought and is important to instill in one’s children. Even as an adult, it’s crucial to take good advice when it’s given, rather than refusing to learn even from one’s mistakes (Proverbs 19:8–21).

Last in this chapter are comments which focus on respect for God’s will and the disastrous results of ignoring it. Following the Lord’s leading is not a magical formula which guarantees success. And yet, it is by far the most sensible way to pursue life. Even the inexperienced person should be able to see what happens when people defy God; they should learn the appropriate lesson from those observations. A person who refuses to learn—even a wise person who decides to stop learning—is inviting difficulty to their own life (Proverbs 19:22–29).

Chapter Context
This series of proverbs is part of Solomon’s writing on wisdom (Proverbs 10:1), a long chain continuing into chapter 22. As do other segments, this speaks on the harsh realities of poverty, the need for integrity, the dangers of laziness, the value of loving discipline, and the consequences of acting foolishly.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. Better is a poor person who walks in his integritythan one who is crooked in speech and is a fool.

Personal integrity has no price; it is more valuable than any financial gain. References to “crooked speech” (Proverbs 4:24; 6:12) imply something manipulative, immoral, or deceptive. The book of Proverbs notes that godly wisdom gives a person a better likelihood of earthly success (Proverbs 1:7; 3:1–4; 13:21), yet it does not claim that honesty is an invincible strategy for prosperity. In a corrupt world, diligent, honest, hardworking people can sometimes fall into some combination of poverty or persecution (1 Peter 3:17; John 16:33). This proverb notes that unfortunate truth, while also indicating that wealth is never worth immorality to obtain.

Many first-century Christians were poor due to persecution, but the Lord did not forsake them. Today, too, through no fault of their own, many Christians are poor but not abandoned by the Lord. Hebrews 13:5 counsels: “Keep your life free from love of money, and be content with what you have, for he has said, ‘I will never leave you nor forsake you.’” The verse that follows testifies: “So we can confidently say, ‘The Lord is my helper; I will not fear; what can man do to me?’”

Context Summary.
Proverbs 19:1–7 includes references that contrast the value of integrity with that of earthly wealth. To be moral is more honorable, and more valuable, than to be rich. At the same time, the world has an unfortunate habit of fawning over the rich, while sneering at the poor. True friends are those who remain loyal even when money is gone. Those who are immoral should expect consequences. Yet fools often blame God when they suffer for their own choices.

Verse 2. Desire without knowledge is not good,and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way.

Solomon insists that ambition without diligence or knowledge puts a person at risk. Without weighing all the facts of a matter (Proverbs 18:13, 17), an ambitious person may rush into a situation, only to discover severe consequences. Proverbs 14:12 explains, “There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death.” Wisdom and truth are often compared to a path (Proverbs 4:26; 15:10). Those who fail to watch their steps are inclined to become lost: to “miss their way.” Other proverbs note that rash decision-making can lead to failure (Proverbs 21:5; 28:20).

The Bible counters “haste makes waste” decisions by exhorting believers to trust in the Lord for guidance. His wisdom promises clear direction (James 1:5; Proverbs 14:8, 15). Proverbs 3:5–6 states: “Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.” The same passage warns against relying on oneself when making decisions. It commands: “Be not wise in your own eyes; fear the LORD, and turn away from evil” (Proverbs 3:7).

Verse 3. When a man ‘s folly brings his way to ruin,his heart rages against the Lord.

The reasons “why” a person suffers don’t erase the fact of their suffering; even those who bring pain on themselves are still in pain. Being at fault does not make someone’s hardship any less difficult. Of course, not all suffering is self-inflicted (John 16:33; 1 Peter 3:17). Yet it’s undeniably true that human nature seeks to blame others for our own choices. Mankind has a tragic habit of ignoring reason and advice, only to blame God when the predicted consequences come to pass. The question “why did God do this to me?” often deflects from that fact that we, ourselves, are the main culprit.

In the biblical context, a “fool” is a person who ignores godly wisdom and instruction (Proverbs 1:7; 3:1–8). Many statements in the book of Proverbs warn about the dangers of foolishness (Proverbs 3:35; 10:8, 10, 21; 13:13; 14:16; 16:18). When those predicted outcomes happen, “fools” will blame God for what has happened.

In the face of the approaching invasion into Israel, Isaiah 8:21 predicts, “They will pass through the land, greatly distressed and hungry. And when they are hungry, they will be enraged and will speak contemptuously against their king and their God, and turn their faces upward.”

A similar incident of blaming God will occur in the tribulation: when God judges the kingdom of the beast. Instead of repenting of their evil ways, the followers of the beast will blame God for their trouble. Revelation 16:8–11 reports: “The fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was allowed to scorch people with fire. They were scorched by the fierce heat, and they cursed the name of God who had power over these plagues. They did not repent and give him glory. The fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and its kingdom was plunged into darkness. People gnawed their tongues in anguish and cursed the God of heaven for their pain and sores. They did not repent of their deeds.”

Verse 4. Wealth brings many new friends,but a poor man is deserted by his friend.

Solomon reflects in this verse about the way wealth can earn a person many shallow friends. That doesn’t necessarily refer to bribes or other overt gifts (Proverbs 17:8; 18:16). However, a rich man’s wealth can attract people like a picnic draws ants. Many of these so-called friends do not really care about the rich man; they simply hope to receive his favor in the form of financial gifts.

On the other hand, those who are poor often find themselves shunned and sneered at by others (Proverbs 14:21; 17:5). The same type of so-called friends who flock to a wealthy person will abandon someone if they cannot benefit from their friendship. The last proverb of the prior chapter noted that some true “friends” can be more loyal than family (Proverbs 18:24). A modern English expression says, “a friend in need is a friend indeed.” This implies that those who continue to help and associate with those from whom they cannot benefit show “true” friendship.

The Lord commanded the people of Israel to avoid such prejudicial treatment of the poor. He said in Deuteronomy 15:7–8: “If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the LORD your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be.” The same prohibition against discriminating against poverty is seen in the New Testament, as well (James 2:1–9).

Two statements in this passage will expand on the ideas presented in this proverb (Proverbs 19:6–7).

Verse 5. A false witness will not go unpunished,and he who breathes out lies will not escape.

As a man known for wisdom and discernment, Solomon was accustomed to trying court cases. Part of that process included deciding whether a witness was truthful or lying. In the legal sense, Solomon’s warning is very literal. In modern terminology, lying to an official court is called “perjury,” and it is treated as a crime in and of itself. However, the principle applies generally to anyone who slanders another and tells lies: sooner or later, consequences will come. As a later proverb notes, those results can be dire (Proverbs 19:9).

Galatians 6:7 affirms this truth by stating, “Do not be deceived: God is not mocked, for whatsoever one sows, that will he also reap.” Listed in the Ten Commandments is the command, “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor” (Exodus 20:16). A false witness may get away with lies, at first. That might even include perjury in a human court. And yet, someday the liar will be judged in the court of heaven. Jesus said, “The evil person out of his evil treasure brings forth evil. I tell you on the day of judgment people will give account for every careless word they speak, for by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned” (Matthew 12:35–37).

Verse 6. Many seek the favor of a generous man,and everyone is a friend to a man who gives gifts.

This expands on the first half of a recent proverb (Proverbs 19:4). It’s common for people to seek approval from the rich and generous, while ignoring the poor (Proverbs 14:20; 18:16). The statement that “everyone” is a rich person’s friend comes in the context of the earlier verse: noting that “friendship” grounded in wealth is unreliable. The friend who stays close even when someone is in need is a true friend. As with other proverbs, the purpose is not to endorse bribes or attempts to buy influence (Proverbs 17:8, 23). Rather, Scripture notes this truth and advises skepticism towards those who seem to be “friends,” when all they really want are benefits.

Perhaps Solomon had personally discovered this truth. His wealth and fame were known far and wide. The Queen of Sheba traveled to Solomon’s kingdom to see for herself what Solomon had accomplished. After viewing his domain, she was breathless and exclaimed, “The report was true that I heard in my own land of your words and of your wisdom, but I did not believe the reports until I came and my own eyes had seen it. And behold, half the greatness of your wisdom was not told me; you surpass the report that I heard” (2 Chronicles 9:5–6). Although the Queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon seems to have been well-intentioned, many other visitors likely hoped to gain something from him that they could use for their personal advantage.

Verse 7. All a poor man ‘s brothers hate him;how much more do his friends go far from him!He pursues them with words, but does not have them.

Solomon makes a sad observation here, which expands on the second half of an earlier remark (Proverbs 19:4). In a biblical context, the term “hate” is very often used as a contrast to “love,” and without implying emotions. Rather, the two words are used to express practical aspects such as support and assistance. Prior statements noted that some “friends” are only interested in those whose money can give them advantages. When the money is gone, so are the false friends. This proverb mourns the fact that even family are prone to looking down on struggling relatives—and the poor often find others want little to do with them.

In the ancient world, earthly wealth was seen as a gauge of a person’s divine approval. It was common to assume that those who were rich “deserved” that status and that the poor were disliked by the gods. Jesus’ treatment of the poor was drastically different. He read a passage of Scripture in the synagogue that explained how He had come to proclaim good news to the poor (Luke 4:17–19). He pronounced blessing on the poor, saying, “Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God” (Luke 6:20). He instructed, “But when you give a feast, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind” (Luke 14:13). He told a self-righteous rich young ruler to sell all that he had and give it to the poor (Luke 18:22). Also, he preached to “the common people,” and they “heard him gladly” (Mark 12:37, KJV).

Other passages in the New Testament condemn mistreating the poor and fawning over the rich (James 2:1–13; Galatians 3:28)

Verse 8. Whoever gets sense loves his own soul;he who keeps understanding will discover good.

A “proverb” is a short, common-sense statement which expresses a general truth. In the book of Proverbs, true wisdom begins with an appreciation of the Creator (Proverbs 1:7). Pursuing God’s truth leads a person in the best possible direction (Proverbs 4:10–15). That does not guarantee earthly success (John 16:33), but it does give a person a better likelihood of it than does pursuing foolishness and evil (Proverbs 8:35–36). A sensible person cares about the state of their soul (Mark 8:36). That causes them to make wise, spiritually discerned decisions (1 Corinthians 2:14; Hebrews 5:14).

When the Lord appointed Joshua as Moses’ successor, He told him to “be strong and very courageous, being careful to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may have good success wherever you go” (Joshua 1:7). He also commanded Joshua to study God’s written Word and to follow it diligently. He added the promise, “For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have good success” (Joshua 1:8). God’s formula for success has never changed!

Context Summary
Proverbs 19:8–21 continues Solomon’s observations about wisdom and foolishness, a king’s wrath, household turmoil, and human plans as compared to divine sovereignty. A theme of these proverbs is the danger of ignoring godly wisdom, while placing too much reliance on one’s own ability. A wise person is prudent, diligent, and honest. At the same time, wisdom means realizing that not all plans work out.

Verse 9. A false witness will not go unpunished,and he who breathes out lies will perish.

This verse repeats the teaching given earlier (Proverbs 19:5), but with a more drastic conclusion. The earlier comment said such a person would not escape; this one says they face death. Repetition, especially in ancient writing, is a deliberate way of creating emphasis. In the most literal sense, the “false witness” is one who lies in a courtroom setting. This is a serious offense, called “perjury” in modern laws. It’s also a moral crime—lying about or against other people is a despicable act (Exodus 20:16; Proverbs 6:16–19).

The person who lies in court might suffer penalties, including death in extreme situations. Yet the unredeemed liar is also at risk of divine wrath. Revelation chapter 20 draws back the curtain on the great white throne judgment and allows readers to see what happens to all whose names are not found in the book of life. They are cast into the lake of fire. Revelation 21:8 identifies the kinds of people that will be thrown into eternal suffering. This verse says, “But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

Verse 10. It is not fitting for a fool to live in luxury,much less for a slave to rule over princes.

The Hebrew word nā’weh means “beautiful,” “attractive,” or “appropriate.” Here it is translated as “fitting.” The two scenarios described here are the opposite: ugly and unsuitable. Cultural assumptions play into the phrasing used in this verse. The book of Proverbs has already noted that godly wisdom is the most likely path to success (Proverbs 1:7; 8:35–36). That doesn’t mean immoral and unwise people cannot become wealthy (Psalm 37:7; 73:3)—but when they do, it’s an unwelcome sight. A fool fails to understand that every possession has been entrusted to him by God (Matthew 25:14–15). Instead of using his wealth and luxurious belongings for God’s glory, a fool squanders everything (Matthew 6:19–20; Luke 12:20–21) and perhaps believes what he possesses makes him secure (Proverbs 18:11).

According to Solomon, it’s even less appropriate for “slaves” to be leaders over “princes.” This is a difficult statement to accept, especially for modern readers. A later comment in the book echoes the same idea (Proverbs 30:21–23), and in the book of Ecclesiastes Solomon expresses almost the same idea as this verse (Ecclesiastes 10:6–7). At first glance, this seems to suggest that slaves are inherently unworthy of leadership, while princes deserve their status. In the broad context of Scripture, this remark is more tied to qualifications than to a moral principle. Servants / slaves of the ancient world were not necessarily equipped to suddenly take on large-scale leadership. In a tighter context, the first half of this proverb notes something incongruous—a situation that appears absurd—which is how servants ruling over masters would also appear.

Other Scriptures indicate that skills, not class, are in mind in this proverb. Joseph, for instance, was a “slave” but was repeatedly given enormous authority because of his abilities (Genesis 39:1–6, 20–23; 41:38–40).

Verse 11. Good sense makes one slow to anger,and it is his glory to overlook an offense.

There is a strong correlation between godly wisdom (Proverbs 1:7; 8:35–36) and the ability to think before one reacts (Proverbs 18:17; 19:2). This proverb notes that it’s far more honorable to ignore insults than to overreact to them. Instead of escalating a situation, the wise person defuses it by remaining calm (Proverbs 15:1). When someone is easily angered, they allow others to control them; the self-controlled person doesn’t let others bait them into a fight. The need to control one’s temper is a frequent subject of Solomon’s proverbs (Proverbs 14:29; 15:18; 16:32; 19:19; 22:24; 29:11).

The apostle Paul writes in Romans 12:17: “Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all.” He continues by saying: “Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, ‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord’” (Romans 12:19). In addition, Paul advocates treating an offender kindly (Romans 12:20), and concludes, “Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:21). Instead of taking matters into one’s own hand, an offended person should leave matters of vengeance to the Lord.

Verse 12. A king ‘s wrath is like the growling of a lion,but his favor is like dew on the grass.

Here, again, Solomon presents a piece of common-sense wisdom—this idea is not necessarily celebrated, but merely noted (Proverbs 16:14–15). Those in authority have the power to help or drastically hurt those under them. A wise person doesn’t unnecessarily provoke those authority figures (Proverbs 20:2). Rather, it’s a mark of good sense to maintain positive relationship with one’s employer, government, and other leaders. Of course, a believer’s ultimate loyalty is to God, not men. At times, honoring God obligates us to disobey earthly authority (Acts 5:29).

An example of a king’s wrath coming on God-honoring people is found in Daniel 3. “Nebuchadnezzar was filled with fury, and the expression of his face was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego” (Daniel 3:19). This king was enraged because the men wouldn’t bow to his statue. As devout worshippers of the One True God, the three men had refused to participate in idolatrous worship, and therefore they received the death penalty. The king ordered a fire pit heated seven times hotter than normal and commanded soldiers to throw the disobeying believers in. In that case, God miraculously intervened (Daniel 3:26–27), though He will not always do so (John 16:1–4).

For the same reasons, giving proper respect to authority can lead to benefits. Joseph was a good example of this truth (Genesis 39:1–6, 20–23; 41:38–40). He made a good-faith effort to please his superiors, without compromising his faith in God. As a result, he became second-in-command in Egypt and was able to rescue God’s people, the Hebrews.

Verse 13. A foolish son is ruin to his father,and a wife ‘s quarreling is a continual dripping of rain.

Some principles in Scripture are phrased in male terms but apply to all of mankind. Many parents have experienced the brutal pain of watching their children pursue foolish, ungodly paths (Proverbs 4:1–4; 10:1; 17:2). When the child’s choices are especially wrong, it can “ruin” the parents. That is usually true emotionally, but a child’s actions might bring social shame and financial hardship on their parents, as well. Later in this chapter, Solomon will speak about the overtly abusive child who directly harms his own family (Proverbs 19:26). A foolish person has no regard for God (Proverbs 3:11; 10:17). He rebels against the spiritual training given by godly parents (Proverbs 15:5).

Solomon also observes that a disagreeable spouse can be a source of constant misery (Proverbs 21:9). The Hebrew word used here is a reference to arguments, stress, and bickering. The imagery of rain here implies something like a leak in a roof, rather than rain in general (Proverbs 27:15). Spouses don’t have to be overtly abusive to bring misery into a marriage. A constant “drip” of negativity, arguing, unhappiness, criticism, or other irritations can become toxic. The picture painted here is the opposite of how the apostle Peter presents the ideal of marriage: dwelling together as partners in the grace of life (1 Peter 3:6–7).

Verse 14. House and wealth are inherited from fathers,but a prudent wife is from the Lord.

Scripture often notes the tremendous value of a godly spouse (Proverbs 12:4; 18:22). Just as wisdom and godliness are far more valuable than gold (Proverbs 16:16), finding a God-honoring partner is better than a massive inheritance. Earthly parents may be able to offer enormous wealth to their children. But when someone is blessed with a believing, discerning spouse, that is truly a gift from God.

While the principle here applies to husbands and wives, in Solomon’s era, men especially valued marrying a “prudent” wife. This description comes from the Hebrew term sakal, which is used in the book of Proverbs in connection to godly wisdom (Proverbs 1:3; 10:5; 15:24). Proverbs chapter 31 famously includes a long list of practical benefits that a wise woman brings to her home. When marriage works as God intended (Genesis 2:24; 1 Peter 3:6–7), a prudent wife blesses her husband by helping him become more Christlike in thoughts and actions.

Abigail, who became David’s wife, was wise and a blessing to David. First Samuel 25:3 pictures her as both discerning and beautiful. She blessed David with sound advice and provisions. Her wisdom kept David from an ugly situation, and David recognized it. He said to Abigail, “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me! Blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from working salvation with my own hand” (1 Samuel 25:32–33). Truly, the Lord’s gift of a prudent spouse makes a marriage mutually beneficial and happy.

Verse 15. Slothfulness casts into a deep sleep,and an idle person will suffer hunger.

Solomon often condemns laziness in his writings, warning about the risks it brings (Proverbs 10:4; 12:24; 18:9; Ecclesiastes 10:18). Here, he compares laziness to someone who is deeply asleep: unaware of their surroundings and accomplishing nothing. Such attitudes put a person at great risk of poverty and hunger (Proverbs 20:4; 23:21). The apostle Paul understood the sacredness of work and the sin of “slothfulness.” He advised the church at Thessalonica to exclude giving handouts to those who were capable of work yet chose not to out of laziness. He writes in 2 Thessalonians 3:10: “If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat.”

Work is not always pleasant, but it is beneficial. Even in the garden of Eden, before sin entered humanity, God assigned work to Adam. Genesis 2:15 tells us, “The LORD God took [Adam] and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it.” When Adam and Eve sinned, work became difficult and backbreaking. God placed a curse on the ground and told Adam: “In pain you shall eat of it all the days of your life” (Genesis 3:17).

Verse 16. Whoever keeps the commandment keeps his life;he who despises his ways will die.

The book of Proverbs typically presents wisdom and good sense in terms of godliness (Proverbs 1:7; 3:5–8). This perspective helps keep a person from both earthly and eternal troubles (Proverbs 2:16–19; 8:34–36; 14:12). In this case, the reference is much more generic. Solomon’s advice here is about the concept of following directions, overall (Proverbs 13:13). Failure to follow the instructions associated with machinery, medicines, chemicals, or tools can lead to injury or death. There is, in fact, a “right way” to use certain things and to accomplish certain tasks. A person who pays no attention to such things is at risk of disaster (Proverbs 19:8).

Solomon specifically credits God’s Word with preserving life (Proverbs 10:27; 14:27). Aligning behavior with Scripture keeps a person from destructive situations. By obeying God’s Word, the believer stays clear of immoral situations that drag people down spiritually, emotionally, mentally, and physically. He enjoys a more peaceful life. Psalm 119:163–165 reveals a link between obedience to God’s Word and peace by stating: “I hate and abhor falsehood, but I love your law. Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous rules. Great peace have those who love your law; nothing can make them stumble.” However, those who care nothing about obeying God’s Word pursue a dangerous, destructive path.

All too often, the consequences of ignorance and hard-headedness are dire. In a spiritual setting, these consequences can be eternal. Proverbs 29:1 provides a strong warning: “He who is often reproved, yet stiffens his neck, will suddenly be broken beyond healing.”

Verse 17. Whoever is generous to the poor lends to the Lord,and he will repay him for his deed.

Once again, Scripture commends deep concern for the needs of the poor (Proverbs 14:21; 19:7; 21:13; 29:7). Charity honors God, and a person who helps the needy does God’s will as well as God’s work (Matthew 5:16). The implication of the term “lend” suggests that God will repay those who are generous—not necessarily with earthly wealth, but in spiritual blessing. The statement foreshadows the words of Jesus. Speaking about the final judgment, and those who provided for the poor, Christ says, “Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me” (Matthew 25:40).

Paul urged the Corinthians to give generously to the relief of poor Christians in Judea. He reminded the Corinthians that Jesus set aside His riches in heaven and became poor so believers could benefit (2 Corinthians 8:9). In the tribulation period many Jewish believers in Jesus will be persecuted. They will suffer the loss of property and possessions. Yet those who believe in Christ through their preaching will help them with food, clothes, and shelter.

Verse 18. Discipline your son, for there is hope;do not set your heart on putting him to death.

This is one of the few biblical proverbs phrased as a command, rather than a simple statement or a piece of sage advice. Parents know all too well—and some all too late—that the best time to shape a child’s behavior is when they are young. This requires discipline. The meaning here is not about corporal punishment, i.e., spanking, but the overall concept of boundaries and consequences. A child left without discipline grows into an adult without respect for authority. They may struggle with self-control and decision-making. That brings the son or daughter suffering and piles shame on the parents (Proverbs 10:1). Deeply rebellious people are at much greater risk, including legal consequences (Deuteronomy 21:18–21).

It has been observed, “As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.” Also, it has been said, “Train a child from the time he is in the playpen so he will stay out of the state pen.” Disciplining a child is not pleasant, but it is necessary. Godly discipline must be administered in love rather than anger. Hebrews 12:6 says, “The Lord disciplines the one he loves, and chastises every son whom he receives.” The same passage assures us, “For the moment all discipline seems painful rather than pleasant, but later it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it” (Hebrews 12:11).

Verse 19. A man of great wrath will pay the penalty,for if you deliver him, you will only have to do it again.

Among the worst consequences of an uncontrolled temper is the tendency to make the same mistakes again and again. Being hot-tempered means lacking in self-control, so a person is liable to make the same foolish choices when put under pressure. Proverbs warns repeatedly about the ways in which one’s temper can be dangerous (Proverbs 14:17, 29; 15:18; 17:27; 19:11). That danger extends to others as well; Scripture suggests it’s better to avoid those who can’t control their emotions (Proverbs 22:24).

Another application of this verse is the idea of learning hard lessons. At times, people need to suffer the natural consequences of their actions. This is especially true of children, who often struggle to mature when perpetually “rescued” from their own mistakes. The verses on either side of this proverb (Proverbs 19:18, 20) speak of the value in discipline and learning. Preventing all negative results, whether on behalf of a child or an adult, tends to encourage them committing the same errors over and over again.

History and modern culture are full of stories about habitual hot heads. Although they were punished for crimes and mistakes, some eventually repeated their mistakes. Of course, some men and women learn from their errors. When they are released from prison, or overcome their other consequences, they sincerely seek a more controlled life.

An angry man who repeatedly gets into trouble cannot blame circumstances or other people for the harm he inflicts on others. His problem doesn’t stem from others or from difficult circumstances; it stems from what he is by nature. Jeremiah 17:9 describes the heart as desperately sick. Shallow reformation doesn’t change the heart. Only spiritual regeneration—the new birth (John 3:3)—makes all things new (Jeremiah 31:31–33; 2 Corinthians 5:17).

Verse 20. Listen to advice and accept instruction,that you may gain wisdom in the future.

By divine design, the natural human body has one mouth but two ears. That correlates to practical, physical needs as part of biology. Yet it also provides a living parable: poetically suggesting that listening is twice as important as speaking. Solomon notes how paying attention to good advice (Proverbs 1:7–8; 8:32–36) leads to a wiser future. The allusion here is to moral correction and discipline (Proverbs 19:18–19).

This proverb also notes that it’s important to “accept” learning from others. Simply hearing advice without acting on it is as useless as buying medicine and letting it sit unopened. Carefully considering correction and discipline and following through with actions prepares a person for the future. How one responds to adverse circumstances in later years of life shows whether they acquired wisdom during younger years. In his younger days, the apostle John leaned on Jesus’ chest. He was a member of Jesus’ inner circle of disciples (John 13:23; Luke 8:51; Mark 9:2). In John’s old age, God used him to write five New Testament books: the gospel of John, First, Second, and Third John, and Revelation, in which his wisdom shines. He met persecution wisely when he was an old man, showing he had carefully listened to and heeded Jesus’ teachings.

Verse 21. Many are the plans in the mind of a man,but it is the purpose of the Lord that will stand.

Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) understood the importance of sensible planning. He worked out a design to build a temple for the Lord. He arranged the building of an impressive house for himself. And he laid out gardens and infrastructures (1 Kings 3:1). He recognized the wisdom of consulting with others to make the best decisions (Proverbs 11:14; 12:15; 20:18). He knew the value of diligence when making plans (Proverbs 14:15; 18:13, 15, 17). That starts with seeking God’s will and His direction (Proverbs 3:5–6).

However, Solomon was wise enough to know that human plans are never guaranteed to work out. He observes here that only God’s intents are destined to succeed. Likewise, the apostle James tells his readers not to be arrogant about their future designs. He doesn’t condemn planning, but instead notes that it should be done in God-honoring humility. He counsels, “You ought to say, ‘If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that’” (James 4:15).

Proverbs 27:1 sounds a similar warning: “Do not boast about tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring.” Psalm 37:3–5 provides pieces of a formula for successful planning: “Trust in the LORD,” “Do good,” “Delight yourself in the LORD,” and “Commit your way to the LORD.”

Verse 22. What is desired in a man is steadfast love,and a poor man is better than a liar.

This sentiment resembles other comments which put personal integrity above other concerns (Proverbs 16:19; 19:1; 28:6). “Loyalty” is another translation of the Hebrew term which the ESV renders here as “steadfast love.” This word, checed, is also presented as “lovingkindness” in other versions and verses (Exodus 15:13; Psalm 13:5). Other proverbs pointed out that true friendship endures hardship (Proverbs 17:17; 18:24). To remain loyal to a friend in trouble is risky; choosing to retain that relationship can be costly but shows great integrity. The contrasting reputation to “loyalty” or “steadfast love” would be the person who uses deceit for their own gain: a liar. To deceive to get ahead demonstrates the opposite of personal integrity, which holds to truth even when it’s inconvenient.

Scripture rarely presents legitimate love in purely emotional terms: real love always inspires action. A loving man is kind to others. There is more honor in being a poor man who shows kindness and help for others than to be rich and pretend to be unable to help others.

First Corinthians 13 teaches that love is the greatest characteristic defining a life influenced by Christ. Without love, everything else, including rhetoric, the ability to understand prophecy, great faith, charity, and even martyrdom amount to nothing. Love is patient, kind, humble, enduring, and lasting. Pretending to be loving is hypocritical. According to the book of Proverbs, “a lying tongue” and “a false witness who breathes out lies” are things God explicitly hates (Proverbs 6:16–17). Love and honesty receive the Lord’s favor, but unkindness and deceit receive His judgment.

Context Summary
Proverbs 19:22–29 continues to dispense wisdom, with a focus on integrity, the fear of the Lord, laziness, the value of discipline, the shame of unruly children, the sin of lying, and the inevitable punishment that comes with foolishness.

Verse 23. The fear of the Lord leads to life,and whoever has it rests satisfied;he will not be visited by harm.

A “proverb” is a short, general-case statement of wisdom. Unlike prophecies or commands, proverbs are not absolute. Much as when a doctor tells a patient, “eat well and exercise and you’ll live longer,” advice is not a promise. Healthy exercisers can still suffer accidents and illnesses—but not nearly so often as those who ignore the doctor’s advice. This statement is not a magical spell, protecting those who believe in God from all harm (John 16:33). Rather, it’s an echo of the main theme of the book of Proverbs: that following godly wisdom gives a person the best likelihood for success in this life and prepares them for eternity (Proverbs 1:7; 3:3–8; 8:35–36; 10:16; 14:32).

The person who “rests” in God exhibits a sense of contentment and security (Psalm 46:1; Proverbs 14:26; 1 Timothy 6:6). These attitudes contrast the panic and greed which come with a worldly perspective (1 Peter 5:7; Matthew 6:25, 31–33).

This “fear” is not terror or panic. It’s a reverent, humble respect which acknowledges who and what God is. The cornerstone of that recognition leads a person to Christ for salvation. To “fear” the Lord is to believe on Him. John 3:16 promises that whoever believes on the Lord Jesus Christ has everlasting life and will not suffer eternal death. Romans 5:1 declares that believers have peace with God. Christians do not lead trouble-free lives (John 16:1–41 Peter 4:12–16), but they have hope amidst suffering (Romans 8:18). Romans 8:31 teaches that God is ultimately on the side of Christians, therefore no one can gain ultimate victory over them. In all hard situations, Paul insists, “we are more than conquerors through him who loved us” (Romans 8:37). He concludes that “neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 8:38–39).

Verse 24. The sluggard buries his hand in the dishand will not even bring it back to his mouth.

As he does so often in this book (Proverbs 10:4; 12:24; 18:9; 19:15) and others (Ecclesiastes 10:18) Solomon observes that laziness is counterproductive. This proverb depicts someone too lazy to lift his hand from the dish to his mouth. This is a common visual joke in modern comedy: a person so overfed or lazy that they can’t even get the fork or food to their face anymore. There’s a sense of mockery and ridicule here; gaining a reputation for laziness is rightly embarrassing.

The Bible frequently decries laziness. Proverbs 6:9 asks, “How long will you lie there, O sluggard? When will you arise from your sleep?” This passage also makes a dire prediction: “Poverty will come upon you like a robber, and want like an armed man” (Proverbs 6:11). Laziness isn’t just unattractive and harmful, it’s dangerous (Proverbs 20:4; 23:21).

In Bible times, a dish of broth, paste, or other food would be placed in the middle of the table at dinner. Guests dipped their hands or pieces of bread in it to draw out food. At the Passover supper, Jesus identified Judas as His betrayer by saying, “He who has dipped his hand in the dish with me will betray me” (Matthew 26:23).

Verse 25. Strike a scoffer, and the simple will learn prudence;reprove a man of understanding, and he will gain knowledge.

This proverb uses several terms whose meanings greatly influence the point being made.

To “strike,” in this case, can refer to literal beating, or to any consequence or affliction.

A “scoffer” is a person who arrogantly, deliberately refuses to accept wisdom. This is the person who sneers at godliness and common sense, making fun of truth instead of learning from it.

“Simple,” as used here, does not mean a person who is stupid or unintelligent. Rather, it means someone inexperienced or uneducated: a person ignorant but willing to learn. Very early students in a trade or school subject would be “simple.”

“Prudence” is from a Hebrew word referring to discretion, sensibility, perception, or cleverness. Variations on the term are used elsewhere in Scripture to refer to people who make “smart” choices in response to a situation (Proverbs 12:16; 12:23; 13:16; 14:8, 15, 18; 15:5; 22:3; 27:12).

To “reprove” is to offer correction, as in the form of constructive criticism (Proverbs 1:23; 10:17; 15:31).

“Understanding” in the book of Proverbs typically means having a thorough grasp of some subject, with a responsibility to pass that capacity on to others. “Knowledge,” in that same context, is when something learned is retained so it can be applied in the future.

Given those definitions, one might paraphrase this proverb as “when fools suffer consequences, wise people learn from their example, and when you correct a wise person, they learn from the experience.” Even the naïve can learn when they see what happens to foolish people. Even the well informed should be ready to change when they are corrected.

As Solomon sees it, even the inexperienced can—and should—learn from the fates suffered by fools. Unwise choices turn some people’s lives into unfortunate warnings, discussed as “you don’t want to end up like that person.” The capacity to learn from experience never ends when a person is truly wise (Proverbs 19:27). Even an expert learns and grows when he is corrected (Proverbs 18:15, 17; 27:17).

In the book of Amos, God tells the people of Israel that He had punished them for their own good, but they did not respond by returning to Him (Amos 4:6–11). This parallels the “scoffer” or “fool” who refuses to learn from consequences (Proverbs 17:10). Hebrews 12:5–6 carries God’s plea to receive discipline without growing weary. These verses exhort: “My son, do not regard lightly the discipline of the Lord, nor be weary when reproved by him. For the Lord disciplines the one he loves, and chastises every son whom he receives.” The same passage continues to explain why God disciplines believers: “He disciplines us for our good, that we may share his holiness” (Hebrews 12:10).

An understanding believer knows that discipline aids spiritual growth and responds accordingly.

Verse 26. He who does violence to his father and chases away his motheris a son who brings shame and reproach.

This repeats the idea that unruly children—even as adults—bring shame to their parents. It is embarrassing that a son would not heed his father’s instruction (Proverbs 10:17; 13:1), but reprehensible that a son would abuse his parents (Proverbs 18:3; 20:20; 28:24). In the ancient world, a woman’s only reliable source of security in old age was her children. Throwing out one’s mother, in that era, was to leave her defenseless and homeless.

Such maltreatment offends not only his parents and society but also God. God commanded the people of Israel to honor their fathers and mothers (Exodus 20:12). By disobeying this commandment and driving his mother away, a violent son leaves her poverty-stricken. However, he does not get off without punishment. He brings shame and disgrace to himself.

Unfortunately, elder abuse has never been rare. Wicked sons and daughters withhold care and comfort from their elderly parents, and by doing so bring God’s judgment on themselves. Exodus 21:17 commands Israel: “Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.” That civil penalty, in the context of the ancient nation of Israel, reflects the serious sin of abusing one’s parents.

Verse 27. Cease to hear instruction, my son,and you will stray from the words of knowledge.

No one ever arrives at a point of “knowing it all,” especially when spiritual truth is involved. The search for wisdom and knowledge is rewarding, but never-ending (Proverbs 1:5; 15:14; 18:1). As soon as a person starts relying on themselves, alone, for wisdom, they will begin wandering from the path of truth (Proverbs 4:26; 10:17; 27:17).

Even the apostle Paul recognized the need to keep learning. From a Roman prison he urged Timothy in 2 Timothy 4:13 to visit him and bring him not only a cloak but “also the books, and above all the [copies of Scripture].” The apostle Peter exhorts us in 2 Peter 3:18 to “grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.” If anyone thinks he knows everything he needs to know, he should ponder what happened to the children of Israel in the wilderness. Paul writes, “Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come. Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall” (1 Corinthians 10:11–12).

Verse 28. A worthless witness mocks at justice,and the mouth of the wicked devours iniquity.

Solomon (Proverbs 10:1) reflects on corrupt testimony. The idea of a “false witness” in Scripture mostly refers to legal settings: when someone lies in matters of judgment. The general idea applies to all cases of dishonesty, however. In his judicial experience Solomon probably encountered many false witnesses. This kind of evil person commits what modern courts call “perjury” and acts as if justice is a joke. This attitude is associated with those who eagerly wallow in sin (Proverbs 2:11–15; 6:12–15).

Lying under oath explicitly breaks the commandment given in Exodus 20:16: “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.” False witnesses appeared at Jesus’ trials and brought untrue accusations against Him (Matthew 26:59–61). Judas, who betrayed Jesus, thought it was good to do something similar by helping Jesus’ enemies falsely accuse Him. He agreed to betray Christ for thirty pieces of silver. However, what he “devoured” so readily at first left a bitter taste. In the end, Judas threw the thirty pieces of silver into the temple, departed, and hanged himself (Matthew 27:3–6).

Verse 29. Condemnation is ready for scoffers,and beating for the backs of fools.

Actions have consequences, both in this life and in eternity. Acting against godly wisdom leads a person into trouble. Here, Solomon summarizes those as “condemnation” and “beating.” Whether literal or figurative, those who insist on acting foolishly are inviting disaster (Proverbs 10:13; 18:6). They might suffer legal consequences, social or personal harm, or even death. Worst of all, such attitudes put them at odds with the Lord, who will hold them accountable.

There have always been those who ignore or reject God’s rule, unconcerned about the consequences. Someday God’s judgment will fall on them unless they turn from their sin and believe on the Savior (John 3:16–18, 36). The apostle Paul warned the Athenians that God “has fixed a day on which he will judge the world in righteousness by a man whom he has appointed; and of this he has given assurance to all by raising him from the dead” (Acts 17:31). Some of the Athenians, like the fools mentioned in Proverbs 19:29, mocked Paul’s words, but “some men joined him and believed” (Acts 17:34). The lines are drawn in similar fashion today: some mock the message of the gospel, but some believe. The first group will face eternal punishment (Revelation 20:10–15), but the other group will enjoy eternal life (John 3:16; Romans 6:23; 8:1).

End of Proverbs 19

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