Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Proverbs Chapter 15 mean?

This continues a long string of “proverbs:” short, general-case expressions of commonsense wisdom. A large section of these began in Proverbs chapter 10 and continues through Proverbs 22:16.

Solomon begins with several statements commending self-control. Cautious, gentle answers not only prevent additional strife, they reduce whatever tension already exists. A wise person carefully chooses their response, rather than babbling out whatever comes to mind. Closely connected to this is the need to humbly accept correction (Proverbs 15:1–5).

Next are several contrasts. These compare the righteous with the wicked, using the parallel ideas of those who are wise and those who are foolish. These proverbs echo themes such as the life-giving nature of godly wisdom, the disastrous consequences of sin, the importance of humility, and the value of seeking advice (Proverbs 15:6–12).

The majority of the chapter is made up of individual segments of wisdom, with a few repeating themes. Solomon notes the importance of perspective, which is more influential than wealth when it comes to happiness. Careful planning, seeking advice, hard work, and righteousness are all commended. Laziness, impatience, arrogance, and hypocrisy are condemned. The chapter ends with three proverbs echoing the recurring theme that sensible persons listen to godly wisdom—and this only comes through a reverent honor of God (Proverbs 15:13–33).

Chapter Context
Chapter 10 began a long list of Solomon’s wise sayings. This passage continues to emphasize common themes such as hard work, humility, godly wisdom, and self-control. This extended collection of proverbs continues through much of chapter 22.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. A soft answer turns away wrath,but a harsh word stirs up anger.

Solomon offers wise advice about how to respond to anger. He says a soft or gentle answer can defuse a potentially explosive situation. The word translated “wrath” here means rage. This is the kind of volatile anger that eventually leads to physical conflict. When we’re insulted or angry, the easiest course of action is to become furious and respond to the other person’s rage with similar rage. However, if a person chooses to respond to rage with harsh, hurtful words, he will make matters worse. Cutting, bitter responses only cause the enraged person’s anger to escalate; that results in further hostility.

In contrast, a cool temper refuses to fight fire with fire. The wise person answers gently, and that gentleness extinguishes the fire. At the very least, it gives no more fuel for it to burn. A calm, polite response can take a great deal of tension out of an argument.

This response calls for wisdom, thoughtfulness, concern for the other person, and self-discipline. Romans 12:19–20 tells us not to avenge ourselves, but to know the Lord will repay the wrong. The believer’s responsibility is to show kindness to an enemy: “Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:21).

Context Summary
Proverbs 15:1–5 focuses on the wisdom of responding correctly to disagreement and correction. Several verses note the value in “soft” or “gentle” answers in resolving conflict. Those who unleash a torrent of attacks and criticisms are foolish, compared to those who take the time to consider an answer. Solomon reminds the reader that God sees and knows all, and he gives another reminder of the importance of listening to wise counselors.

Verse 2. The tongue of the wise commends knowledge,but the mouths of fools pour out folly.

Addressing the subject of speech in this verse, Solomon observes that the wise person compliments knowledge by speaking wisely. Wise speech persuades others to pursue and gain knowledge. Likewise, the thoughtful person is focused on concepts such as truth and wisdom, rather than merely filling the air with words. The fool, however, speaks foolishly. Words gush out of their mouths thoughtlessly and reveal a lack of knowledge. Critics of Christian faith often rely on volume—both in the sense of bulk and noise—instead of reason. Through a flood of repeated criticisms, angry words, and shallow attacks, they seek to avoid deeper engagement on subjects.

Jesus, who possessed all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Colossians 2:3), astounded people with His wise words. Even at the age of twelve Jesus manifested wisdom when He conversed with the teachers in the temple. Luke 2:47 reports that “all who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers.” In the synagogue in Nazareth, Jesus’ hometown, Jesus taught those who were present. Subsequently, those who heard Him, “were astonished, and said, ‘Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works?’” (Matthew 13:54).

Christ also taught His disciples to pray wisely instead of using empty words. He said, “When you pray, do not heap up empty phrases as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard for their many words. Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him” (Matthew 6:7–8).

Verse 3. The eyes of the Lord are in every place,keeping watch on the evil and the good.

Nothing escapes the Lord’s attention. His eyes watch everywhere, seeing all things (Hebrews 4:13). This seems like common sense, but it’s a reminder every person needs to hear. We tend to assume we can hide things from God, or that He might not notice when we sin. In truth, there is no hiding from God (Psalm 139:7–12).

When King David sinned by committing adultery with Bathsheba and having her husband murdered, he tried to cover his sins, but God saw them. He sent the prophet Nathan to confront David. Nathan boldly accused David of doing evil in the Lord’s sight (2 Samuel 12:9). Early in the Christian church, Ananias and Sapphira assumed they could hide their sin of hypocrisy, but they were wrong. The Lord was aware of their deception and exposed it. Peter asked Ananias, “Why is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to man but to God” (Acts 5:4). Their sin cost Ananias and his wife Sapphira their lives (Acts 5:5, 9–10).

Just as importantly, the Lord also sees the good (Matthew 10:40–42). Hebrews 11 lists faithful believers who honored God. The chapter shows clearly that the Lord sees the good and rewards those who do good.

Verse 4. A gentle tongue is a tree of life,but perverseness in it breaks the spirit.

Words can discourage or encourage others. Solomon uses a Hebrew root word here which can also mean “healing,” “wholesome,” or “soothing.” He compares such a tongue to a tree of life. A properly nourished tree grows and provides shade and refreshment for all who seek its shelter. A fruit tree is also a tree of life because it provides sustenance for those who take in what it produces. Similarly, encouraging words provided by a wise tongue provide refreshment and sustenance for those who receive them. That applies to the critic as well as the friend, or the opponent as well as the ally. Calm, truthful, measured words to others are infinitely more productive than hateful, spiteful, or “perverse” reactions. This proverb resonates strongly with the first two of this chapter, contrasting different approaches to speech (Proverbs 15:1–2).

This proverb denounces speech described using the Hebrew root word celeph, also used in Proverbs 11:3. This most literally means that which is twisted or warped—”crooked”—but can also refer to something unhealthy or disordered. That which “breaks the spirit” is especially important to avoid when dealing with children (Ephesians 6:4; Proverbs 18:14). Our choice of words matters, and how we respond to others reflects our own wisdom. Inappropriate words send the wrong message and may even depress those who hear them.

The New Testament Epistles exhort believers to encourage one another and to shake off discouragement. Concluding his message about Jesus’ return in the air to rapture believers, Paul writes: “Therefore encourage one another with these words” (1 Thessalonians 4:18). In 1 Thessalonians 5:14, he writes: “We urge you, brothers, admonish the idle, encourage the fainthearted.” In Ephesians 4:29 he writes: “Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear.” The writer of Hebrews also exhorts believers: “And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near” (Hebrews 10:24–25).

Verse 5. A fool despises his father ‘s instruction,but whoever heeds reproof is prudent.

Solomon writes once again about the relationship of a son to his father’s instruction (Proverbs 3:1; 4:1; 5:1; 7:1; 13:1). Those who take care to follow wisdom can avoid many harms (Proverbs 14:15–18).

Deuteronomy 6:4–9 conveys the Lord’s command to parents to instruct their children in the Lord’s commands. He tells them to instruct their children both at home and outside the home, in both formal and informal sessions. Foremost among these teachings is the command to love God “with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5).

This same advice also applies to parents in the modern era. Ephesians 6:4 commands fathers to bring their children up under godly wisdom, and with careful words. In the same chapter, children are commanded to obey their parents in the Lord (Ephesians 6:1). Solomon notes that rejecting a wiser man’s teaching is unwise; the sensible person listens to good advice. He accepts correction and alters his lifestyle accordingly (Proverbs 10:17).

Verse 6. In the house of the righteous there is much treasure,but trouble befalls the income of the wicked.

There are cases in which good people suffer adversity or poverty (Psalm 22:1; Habakkuk 1:2–4). In general, however, those who live and act according to God’s wisdom see the natural benefits of those choices. They certainly avoid the disastrous consequences of evil (Proverbs 10:8–11). The righteous who acquire wealth honestly hold it in trust for the Lord. They deem themselves stewards of what the Lord has given them. As a result, the Lord blesses the house of the righteous with treasure.

Abraham serves as a good example of such prosperity. Genesis 13:2 reports that “Abram was very rich in livestock, in silver, and in gold.” Genesis 14:20 tells us that Melchizedek, the priest of the Most High God, blessed Abram after Abram’s successful recovery of the hostages that were taken from Sodom. Abram reciprocated by giving Melchizedek a tenth of everything (Genesis 14:20). When the king of Sodom offered Abram the goods that were seized in the rescue of the hostages, Abram refused. He said, “I have lifted my hand to the LORD, God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth, that I would not take a thread or a sandal strap or anything that is yours, lest you should say, ‘[An evil king has] made Abram rich’” (Genesis 14:22–23).

By contrast, money obtained by wicked efforts results in trouble (Proverbs 15:27). The book of Proverbs establishes that rejection of God, and His truth, is the primary mark of “foolishness” (Proverbs 1:7; 12:1–3).

Context Summary
Proverbs 15:6–12 contrasts the righteous and the wicked; in the context of the book of Proverbs, these two groups are also defined as those who are “wise” and those who are “foolish.” Many of these comparisons are from God’s perspective. Even good deeds and rituals performed by those who disobey God are offensive to Him. And yet, He accepts the prayers of those who sincerely seek His will. The Lord loves those who love Him, but He consigns the wicked to eternal punishment (Proverbs 10:29).

Verse 7. The lips of the wise spread knowledge;not so the hearts of fools.

This accredits spreading of knowledge to those who are wise. Those who honor godly truth speak wisely and others benefit from their words. They speak the truth and share it freely.

This is certainly true of believers who share the gospel with others. They present the facts of the gospel: First, that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures. Second, that He was buried. Third, that He was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. Fourth, that He appeared to Peter, to the twelve disciples, to more than 500 believers, to James, to all the apostles, and to the apostle Paul (1 Corinthians 15:3–8).

It is important that witnesses in a court of law give truthful testimony about what they saw, heard, or experienced. It is also important that believers, who are Jesus’ witnesses, share the truth about Jesus and what He has accomplished in their lives (Acts 1:8). Fools ignore or reject the facts about Jesus, and they also reject Jesus. Therefore, they cannot spread the knowledge of Him with others.

Verse 8. The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord,but the prayer of the upright is acceptable to him.

Jesus said, “But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him” (John 4:23). “Going through the motions” is not the same as worshipping in truth. God does not accept that which is merely an outward show—when the heart and spirit are not full of love and reverence for Him. On the other hand, the prayers of those who sincerely honor the Lord (Proverbs 15:9) please Him, and He hears them.

Hypocritical displays are not merely rejected by the Lord, they are also offensive to God. When wicked people (Proverbs 4:13–14) pretend to honor God, their efforts are described by the Hebrew word tōw’ēbah, which means something “disgusting.” This is the same term used to describe their entire lifestyle as an “abomination” in the next verse (Proverbs 15:9). Hollow gestures from those who refuse the Lord’s truth don’t make amends, they make Him angry.

First Samuel 15:22 asks, “Has the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen than the fat of rams.” Isaiah 1:11 records the Lord’s rebuke to the people of Judah, because they were hypocritically offerings sacrifices. He declares in this verse that the multitude of sacrifices are worthless, and He says, “I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed beasts; I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of goats.”

Verse 9. The way of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord,but he loves him who pursues righteousness.

The Lord is perfectly holy. Isaiah 6:3–4 describes seraphim calling to one another, “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory!” Further, Leviticus 20:7 says, “Consecrate yourselves, therefore, and be holy, for I am the LORD your God.” First Peter 1:14–16 says, “As obedient children, do not be conformed to the passions of your former ignorance, but as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, since it is written, ‘You shall be holy, for I am holy.’” It pleases the Lord when His people lead a holy life. Matthew 5:6 states, “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.” Surely leading a righteous life has its own reward, but what greater reward is there than to be the object of the Lord’s love?

The prior verse noted that God finds the hollow gestures of those who deny His truth to be disgusting and offensive (Proverbs 15:8). Here, the same is said of the way such people live. The person who leads a life of persistent sin is guilty of doing what the Lord hates. His actions are distasteful to the Lord; the Hebrew term is often translated as “abomination.” Romans 1:18 warns that “the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.”

Verse 10. There is severe discipline for him who forsakes the way;whoever hates reproof will die.

Scripture often symbolizes God’s truth and wisdom as a path (Psalm 16:11; 25:10; Proverbs 4:18; 15:21). To step off the established path means entering uncertain, dangerous, and often deadly areas. Whoever strays from the path can expect consequences.

Because God loves His children, He disciplines them when they wander from the narrow path. Hebrews 12:6 teaches that “the Lord disciplines the one loves, and chastises every son whom he receives.” His intent is not to crush our spirit (Proverbs 15:4), but to keep us from harm. God’s plan is to make his erring child better, not bitter, to draw him closer, not push him away, to lift him up, not put him down.

When a person responds well to discipline, they confess their sin and receive cleansing. First John 1:9 promises, “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” However, if the wayward person rejects correction, death may result. First John 5:16–17 exhorts believers to pray for a brother who sins, but explains there is sin that leads to death, for which believers should not pray

Verse 11. Sheol and Abaddon lie open before the Lord;how much more the hearts of the children of man!

Following up on his prior statement (Proverbs 15:10), Solomon explains how God’s infinite knowledge includes understanding death, eternity, and the consequences of sin. Sheol is the word for the unseen world, used in the Old Testament to refer to death or the grave. In other words, the Lord sees everything and everyone in the realm of the dead.

God also sees Abaddon and everything in it. Abaddon, meaning “destruction,” corresponds to what the New Testament sometimes calls “the abyss:” the dwelling place of evil spirits or departed souls (Romans 10:7; Revelation 9:1–2). Luke 8:31 reports that the demons that Jesus cast out of a man in the country of the Gerasenes begged Jesus not to send them into the abyss. Revelation 9:1 and 11 refer to the abyss as “the bottomless pit,” and names the king of demons as Abaddon.

Surely, if Sheol and Abaddon are visible to God, He can see the hearts of human beings (Hebrews 4:13)! This openness of the heart relates to Jesus’ knowledge of the human heart. John 2:25 says Jesus “needed no one to bear witness about man, for he himself knew what was in man.”

Verse 12. A scoffer does not like to be reproved;he will not go to the wise.

Solomon continues a common theme in the book of Proverbs: that “fools” are those who refuse to be corrected with truth. The Hebrew root word luwts suggests someone arrogant or sneering (Proverbs 9:7–8; 13:1). Such derisive persons don’t want to be corrected and deliberately avoid those with godly wisdom. This harmonizes with Solomon’s earlier statement noting that “fools,” meaning those who reject godly truth (Proverbs 1:7), gush with foolish statements while the wise are trying to give a careful answer (Proverbs 15:2).

In Paul’s second letter to Timothy, he commended the preaching of God’s Word, as well as reproof and rebuke (2 Timothy 4:2). These last two ideas both refer to correcting others in spiritual error. Paul also warned Timothy that people would soon abandon truth in favor of lies that matched their preferences (2 Timothy 4:3–4). Some people today who claim the name of Christ refuse to listen to what they need to hear; they only accept what they want to hear. Such persons are mocking God and refuse to learn from the wise. The scoffer refuses to examine his heart and correct the wrong that lurks there. Nevertheless, the Lord searches the heart and judges the unrepentant (Hebrews 4:13).

Verse 13. A glad heart makes a cheerful face,but by sorrow of heart the spirit is crushed.

Solomon observes that inner joy, or sadness, is reflected in a person’s face. As with all “proverbs,” this is a general statement of common sense, not an absolute rule. Sad people can “put on a brave face” and pretend all is well just as happy people can disguise their feelings. For the most part, however, our emotions are displayed in our physical bodies.

Instead of living under the circumstances, faith enables a believer to live above their circumstances (Philippians 4:13). Instead of becoming a victim of the hardships of life, the believer can become a victor over them. The apostle Paul’s response to difficult circumstances is evident in his letter to the Philippian church. He could have become depressed, but he radiated joy. The words “joy” and “rejoice” occur often in Philippians despite Paul writing while shackled to guards while under house arrest in Rome. Furthermore, he faced the possibility of being executed. In his opening remarks to the Philippian believers, he writes: “I thank my God in all my remembrance of you, always in every prayer of mine for you all making my prayer with joy” (Philippians 1:3–4). Thankfulness and memory of past blessings contribute to a glad heart.

Context Summary
Proverbs 15:13–30 continues Solomon’s contrasting descriptions of the wise and the foolish. In this book, those ideas are associated with accepting or rejecting God’s truth, respectively (Proverbs 1:7). He writes about the gladness of the upright, wise person and the depressing existence of the wicked, foolish person. He contrasts attitudes, thoughts, and actions of both kinds of individuals, and he states that the Lord is far from the wicked but close enough to the righteous to hear their prayers.

Verse 14. The heart of him who has understanding seeks knowledge,but the mouths of fools feed on folly.

One facet of godliness is the active search for God’s truth (Proverbs 1:7; Matthew 6:7–8). Those who sincerely desire godliness pursue such knowledge (Proverbs 8:17). This corresponds to the idea of humanity being made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27): as rational, intentional creatures.

In contrast, those who reject God act more like animals (2 Peter 2:12). This proverb employs a Hebrew word often used in reference to livestock: the fool “grazes” on their own foolishness. This hints at the mindless, unthinking nature of those who settle for what’s preferred over what’s true (2 Timothy 4:3). An unbeliever lacks knowledge of God, instead foolishly “chewing on” empty pleasure, false notions, pointless pursuits, and materialistic gain.

Jesus told a story about a rich farmer who thought he could satisfy his soul with material things. When his crops burst with a bountiful harvest, he decided to build bigger barns to hold the abundance, and he mistakenly assumed he was secure for many years. He planned to tell his soul, “Soul, you have ample goods laid up for many years; relax, eat, drink, be merry” (Luke 12:19). But God called him a fool and demanded his soul that night (Luke 12:20).

Like the farmer, everyone who thinks earthly things can satisfy the soul is a fool. “Grazing” on foolishness ends suddenly in judgment. The discerning person understands that only the Lord can satisfy the heart and soul. Therefore, he grows in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ (2 Peter 3:18).

Verse 15. All the days of the afflicted are evil,but the cheerful of heart has a continual feast.

The contrast here is about how one perceives their circumstances. This is likely not meant as a comparison between success and suffering, but between despairing pessimism and godly trust. Perspective has great impact on one’s happiness (Proverbs 15:13).

The word translated “evil” here is not always a reference to immorality; it can also mean something unpleasant or disastrous. Those who are perpetually “afflicted” are constantly miserable under the weight of their own negativity. They make the worst of every situation. Negative people constantly complain and never see a bright side in any circumstances. They are gloomy, negative, and seem bent on making life miserable for others.

Their counterparts are cheerful people. They may encounter difficult circumstances, but they find a sense of joy, even in adversity (1 Thessalonians 5:18). These cheerful individuals help others by encouraging them. They lift the spirits of their friends and associates. Barnabas was an encourager in the early church. Times were tough for many believers. They had come to Jerusalem from foreign countries and lacked jobs and income. But Acts 4:34–37 tells us “as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them and brought the proceeds of what was sold and laid it at the apostles’ feet, and it was distributed to each as any had need. Thus Joseph, who was also called by the apostles Barnabas (which means son of encouragement), a Levite, a native of Cyprus, sold a field that belonged to him and brought the money and laid it at the apostles’ feet.”

A parallel interpretation of this verse is that even those who are afflicted—burdened with perpetual hardship—can experience constant joy if they maintain a cheerful heart.

Verse 16. Better is a little with the fear of the Lordthan great treasure and trouble with it.

Solomon compares two situations: living without material wealth, but knowing and honoring God, versus being prosperous and suffering the consequences of a godless life. As is typical of the Old Testament, the term “fear” is used here to mean a form of holy reverence and obedience. It does not extend to terror or panic, but neither does it mean something entirely carefree. Honoring God begins with acknowledging His role as our Creator and Master (Proverbs 1:7; 8:13; 14:27). Regardless of earthly circumstances, a sincere relationship with God improves our perspective (Proverbs 15:13–14).

In contrast, wealth cannot guarantee happiness or peace. In fact, chasing money while ignoring God tends to produce anxiety and insecurity (Proverbs 10:9; 11:4). The Hebrew word mēhu’māh can be translated as “trouble,” “turmoil,” “confusion,” or even “panic.” Godless living, itself, brings risks and consequences (Proverbs 13:15). When success comes from faithful living, it is far more secure (Proverbs 10:29).

Knowing and honoring God enables the believer to endure hardship and pressure (Philippians 4:13), with a calmness in the soul, and to know God is working all things for the believer’s good (Romans 8:28–30). God allows trials to enter the believer’s life to prove the genuineness of his faith (1 Peter 1:6–7) and to help to conform him to the image of Christ (Romans 8:29). Paul tells Timothy that “godliness with contentment is great gain” (1 Timothy 6:6). Occupying one’s life with the pursuit of wealth plunges people “into ruin and destruction” (1 Timothy 6:9–10).

Verse 17. Better is a dinner of herbs where love isthan a fattened ox and hatred with it.

Here, again, Scripture points out that earthly circumstances don’t define happiness nearly so strongly as spiritual perspective. The contrast in meals is between something simple—even bland—versus a rich, luxurious feast. And yet, merely having extravagant food does not make a person happy. Love and fellowship make all the difference, even in meager situations.

This principle applies especially to marriages. Many couples learn the hard way that possessions do not bring happiness and peace to a relationship. A husband and wife may become rich enough to dine at exquisite restaurants, live in a huge house, buy expensive furnishings, and drive luxury cars. And yet, if they despise each other, their luxurious life will feel like a torture chamber.

Solomon teaches that it is better for a couple to live in loving harmony with meager possessions and simple meals than to be surrounded with luxury and eat expensive cuts of meat while despising each other. In modern terms, a meal of plain bread and water, eaten with those we love, is more satisfying than a steak dinner among those who hate each other. This echoes prior proverbs which emphasize the importance of perspective (Proverbs 15:13–16).

Verse 18. A hot-tempered man stirs up strife,but he who is slow to anger quiets contention.

Self-control is a valuable attribute. The ability to consider one’s words and actions, rather than lashing out without thinking, makes an enormous impact on one’s life. Few people want to associate with a hot-tempered person, for fear of getting “burned.” Solomon points out the reason here: a raging man creates conflict. Prior verses noted how controlling one’s words helps avoid undue tension (Proverbs 15:1, 4). Some conflict may be unavoidable, but temperamental reactions add even more friction. Choosing to be “slow to anger”—to moderate one’s response to a situation—allows more control and defuses a great deal of strife.

The prior verse spoke of the impact of love on enjoying earthly foods. This has strong implications for a home, or a marriage. In that context, this proverb might also be commentary from Solomon on the need for calm in a relationship. It has been said that when anger gets the best of us, it reveals the worst of us. In English, writers note that anger is just one letter short of danger. Not all anger is sinful, but some is; Jesus denounced unrighteous anger by saying, “Everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment” (Matthew 5:22). In his letter to the Ephesians, the apostle Paul exhorts believers to abandon sinful anger. He writes: “Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you, along with all malice” (Ephesians 4:31).

The person who controls his anger helps keep disagreements from reaching a boiling point. This is one mark of a peacemaker, about whom Jesus promised blessing (Matthew 5:9).

Verse 19. The way of a sluggard is like a hedge of thorns,but the path of the upright is a level highway.

Thorns along a path not only look ugly, but also impede progress. Brushing against them causes pain and delays. Even worse would be attempting to walk through an entire row of thorn bushes. That’s the imagery Solomon uses here. The “sluggard,” or lazy person, is like someone expecting to make progress while walking directly through a bristly hedge. Like thorns on a path, laziness in a person’s life reduces beauty and keeps him from accomplishing what is important. His life is full of obstructions, and it is going nowhere (Proverbs 10:4, 26; 12:27).

Scripture connects laziness to immorality; the contrasting attribute given here is “upright.” This person’s choice to work hard makes their life path clear, unobstructed, and straight. This is not a guarantee that life will be easy, or that all hard work will result in great success. The lesson is in the contrast: if the goal is to move forward, laziness is like walking through thorn bushes, while godliness and effort are like taking a smooth, flat highway (Psalm 16:11; 25:10; Proverbs 4:18; 15:21).

Like David, the “upright” person follows the path the Good Shepherd (John 10:11) takes. David testifies in Psalm 23, “He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. He restores my soul. He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name’s sake” (Psalm 23:2–3). Along the paths of righteousness, the believer enjoys the direction God’s Word gives him. Psalm 119:105 describes God’s Word as lamp for each immediate step and a light for all of life’s journey.

Verse 20. A wise son makes a glad father,but a foolish man despises his mother.

Once again Solomon compares the relationship of wise children to their parents. The use of the father, in one phrase, and the mother, in the second, is part of the poetic structure of the verse. As a son is obedient to and respectful of his parents, he honors the Lord, who commands, “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you” (Exodus 20:12; cf. Ephesians 6:1–3). The parents of a wise son experience gladness because of the child’s obedience to them and to God.

However, the parents of foolish children are often the object of their offspring’s hatred. Even diligent parents can have lazy or immoral children who blame their parents for their own failures. They may resent rules and discipline (Proverbs 12:1), even when it’s given in a loving way (Proverbs 15:5; Ephesians 6:4). All too often, we accuse others of causing the consequences brought on by our own actions (Genesis 3:11–13; Proverbs 5:11–14). This is especially painful when parents watch it happen to their own children.

Each child is an individual; very different children can be raised by the same parents. One child honors his parents by wisely fearing the Lord and obeying the parents; another child rebels against what his parents teach him, and he rejects the Lord. Every person is accountable to the Lord for his attitudes and actions, but parents must try to steer every child in the right direction.

Verse 21. Folly is a joy to him who lacks sense,but a man of understanding walks straight ahead.

Proverbs routinely notes that ignoring God (Proverbs 1:7) leads to dire consequences. Many of those are eternal (Proverbs 10:25; 11:7), but they also involve the present natural effects of our choices (Proverbs 11:3, 6). Why, then, do people choose to sin and ignore God? As this proverb notes, the reason is because there can be temporary pleasure—amusement and diversion—in earthly sin (Hebrews 11:25). The one lacking discernment has fun with sin; he fails to take it seriously and see its dangers (Proverbs 11:19).

The person who enjoys their sin does not realize they are spiritually dead. Paul writes in 2 Thessalonians 2:12 about condemned people, “who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness.” The Devil deludes people by suggesting that sinful pleasure is true pleasure, but true pleasure is found only in doing God’s will. The psalmist writes: “You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore” (Psalm 16:11).

The contrast to foolishly wallowing in sin is to follow the path laid out by God (Proverbs 2:6–10). A God-honoring person (Proverbs 3:5–7) does not wander from the straight and narrow way to indulge in sinful pleasures.

Verse 22. Without counsel plans fail,but with many advisers they succeed.

A frequent command in the book of Proverbs is to seek and apply good advice (Proverbs 11:14; 12:15; 19:20; 20:18). Making plans rashly, or without seeking useful input from others, implies someone with an exalted opinion of himself. No one can see all possible facets of a situation by himself; he needs to gain the perspectives of others (Proverbs 18:17; 27:17).

Moses’ father-in-law Jethro wisely advised Moses to surround himself with “able men from all the people, men who fear God, who are trustworthy and hate a bribe, and place them over the people as chiefs of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. And let them judge the people at all times” (Exodus 18:21–22). The Lord has blessed the church with gifted individuals who can offer sound counsel so the church can succeed in its mission (Romans 12:3–8; 1 Corinthians 12:4–11; Ephesians 4:11–14; 1 Peter 4:8–11). If a leader in the church fails to avail himself of the counsel of gifted members of the congregation, his plans are doomed from the start.

Verse 23. To make an apt answer is a joy to a man,and a word in season, how good it is!

Solomon writes once again about the value of well-chosen words (Proverbs 15:1–2, 4, 7). He observes that an appropriate answer delights both the hearer and the speaker. The emphasis here is on words which are especially well-timed and fitting to the moment at hand. Not only is it joyful for the person who can give such an answer, it’s a blessing to the one who hears. For that to happen, the speaker needs to pursue wisdom (Proverbs 2:1–7) and discernment (Proverbs 15:14; Hebrews 5:14) and the hearer needs to be receptive (Proverbs 5:7; 15:31).

This ideal response might be a word of encouragement, explanation, praise, love, exhortation, or even a word of rebuke. Jesus is the best example of someone whose answers and words brought joy to those who received them. His words brought life, healing, comfort, and hope. Even the officers of the chief priests and Pharisees admitted, “No one ever spoke like this man” (John 7:46). Our answers and words, too, should bring joy to those who ask for a reason for our hope (1 Peter 3:15). Like the Philippian believers, we ought to hold fast the word of life (Philippians 2:16) and share it with others so they may have an opportunity to know the joy of salvation.

Verse 24. The path of life leads upward for the prudent,that he may turn away from Sheol beneath.

Those who embrace God’s salvation are traveling an upward path. This uses a metaphor common in the Old Testament (Psalm 16:11; 25:10; Proverbs 4:18; 15:21). Solomon refers to this path as “the path of life.” All who trust in Jesus as Savior are on this path (Matthew 7:13–14; John 14:6). Solomon also adds that wise persons (Proverbs 1:7) are turning away from Sheol. This term refers to the realm of the dead.

Paul is an example of someone who turned away from Sheol and began walking on the path of life. While he was on his way to Damascus, he met the risen Savior, who commissioned him to carry the gospel to the Gentiles (Acts 9:1–19). In Galatians 1:11–16, Paul writes about his conversion, and he credits Jesus Christ with turning his life around and giving him the assignment to preach the gospel to the Gentiles. In Romans 1:16 he describes the gospel as “the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes.” Whoever receives the gospel and believes on Jesus Christ passes from death unto life. He escapes the sentence of eternal punishment and is bound for heaven. Romans 8:1 states, “There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.”

Verse 25. The Lord tears down the house of the proudbut maintains the widow ‘s boundaries.

Earthly justice is not always complete; those who do evil in this life might not suffer full consequences prior to death (Psalm 73:2–3). Here, Solomon assures us that the proud—the arrogant, the self-righteous—are guaranteed to face a day of reckoning. Because they lift themselves up instead of humbling themselves in the sight of the Lord, all that they have built and accumulated will come crashing down under the Lord’s hand of judgment (Proverbs 10:16, 25, 28).

In direct contrast, Solomon refers to a widow. In ancient culture, widows were especially vulnerable. Their position, by definition, was not something secure or a source of pride. To make his point about God’s preference for the humble person, Solomon depicts God defending such a woman and her land against thieves. Unlike the house of the proud, her house would stand. The Lord would keep the boundaries of her land in place.

Those who rely on their own prideful ability, rather than on God, are building houses on sand. This cannot stand when the Lord sends wind, rain, and floods against it (Matthew 7:26–27). James 4:6 teaches that “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.”

Jesus told the story of two men who entered the temple to pray. One, a Pharisee, was proud. He boasted to the Lord about his self-righteousness. The other man, a tax collector, was humble. He admitted to the Lord that he was a sinner, and he asked for mercy. Jesus said only the humble tax collector went home as a justified man (Luke 18:14). He explained, “For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”

Verse 26. The thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the Lord,but gracious words are pure.

Earlier, this passage said that hypocritical rituals done by godless people are disgusting to God; that used the root word translated as “abomination” in this verse (Proverbs 15:8). The evil, ungodly thoughts of those who reject the Lord are also repulsive to Him. Evil thoughts give birth not only to wicked acts but also to wicked words (Matthew 12:34; 15:18–19; James 1:14–15).

Nothing is hidden from God, not even a person’s thoughts (Hebrews 4:13). Although many people believe sin occurs only when thoughts become actions, thoughts themselves may be sinful (Matthew 5:21–22, 28). In the days before the flood in Noah’s time, “the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually” (Genesis 6:5). He responded by destroying mankind, excepting Noah and Noah’s family.

However, the Lord hears pleasant, or gracious, words and deems them pure (Proverbs 15:26). The Hebrew adjective translated here as “pure” means something “pure,” “clean,” or even “fair.” Believers receive exhortations in Scripture to avoid using wicked words and to use pleasant words instead. Colossians 3:8–9 admonishes us to put away “anger, wrath, malice, slander, and obscene talk” and lies. That same passage later commands us to talk and act in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him (Colossians 3:17).

Verse 27. Whoever is greedy for unjust gain troubles his own household,but he who hates bribes will live.

Solomon reflects on the tragic results of being greedy. Scripture notes that sinful choices, including greed, come with the risk of serious consequences (Proverbs 11:3; 13:13; 14:11). Those who engage in greed and other immoral attitudes also put their families at risk (Proverbs 11:29). The person inclined towards honest gain—who “hates bribes”—can avoid those drawbacks.

Joshua accused Achan of troubling Israel (Joshua 7:25). God had forbidden Israel from taking anything from the conquered city of Jericho, but Achan disobeyed. When Joshua asked Achan what he had done, Achan replied: “I saw among the spoil a beautiful cloak from Shinar, and 200 shekels of silver, and a bar of gold weighing 50 shekels, then I coveted them and took them. And see, they are hidden in the earth inside my tent, with the silver underneath” (Joshua 7:21). Achan’s crime was such a serious breach of God’s specific command that it cost him and his family members their lives (Joshua 7:24–25).

Verse 28.The heart of the righteous ponders how to answer,but the mouth of the wicked pours out evil things.

This relates to the proverb contained in verse 2, which distinguishes between a wise tongue and one that “pours out folly” (Proverbs 15:2). It also reflects the principle given in verse 18 which commends being “slow to anger” (Proverbs 15:18). Righteousness, wisdom, humility, and self-control are closely tied together in the book of Proverbs (Proverbs 10:19; 11:2). A righteous person does not blurt out the first thing that comes to mind. Instead, he carefully considers what to say, so that his answer will be right and honoring to the Lord (Proverbs 15:23).

Unlike the righteous person who ponders an answer before he gives it, the wicked person carelessly pours out words. The term translated “evil” here does not just refer to immorality, but also to disaster and misfortune. Careless answers can mislead others and cause them harm. Like a polluted water source, the person who speaks without thinking pollutes his environment.

Taking time to prepare an answer is in keeping with the admonition James gives in James 1:19: “Let every person be quick to hear, slow to speak.” Often, there is more than one side to a situation (Proverbs 18:17). It is important, therefore, to gather as much information as possible before giving an answer (Proverbs 15:22). That does not have to come only after a question is asked; it can refer to preparation as well. It honors the Lord to be prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks a reason for our hope (1 Peter 3:15).

Verse 29. The Lord is far from the wicked,but he hears the prayer of the righteous.

The apostle Paul underscores the fact that righteousness and lawlessness are incompatible. So are light and darkness, Christ and the Devil, a believer’s portion and that of an unbeliever, the temple of God and idols (2 Corinthians 6:14–16). The Lord is holy, holy, holy, high and lifted up (Isaiah 6:1–3). He cannot coexist with sin (Habakkuk 1:13).

To distinguish from God being intimate and attentive, Solomon notes that God is “far from” those who reject His commands (Proverbs 4:14; 10:27). In Ephesians 2:12 Paul calls upon the Ephesians to “remember that you were at that time separated from Christ.” An unbeliever may appear religious by attending church, reciting prayers, and donating money. However, if someone has not come to God through faith in Jesus (John 14:6), he is alienated from God.

On the other hand, whoever believes in Jesus as Savior is close to God, and God hears his prayers. As a matter of fact, God invites believers to confidently approach His throne, expecting both mercy and help with their prayerful needs (Hebrews 4:16).

Verse 30.
The light of the eyes rejoices the heart,and good news refreshes the bones.

The phrase “the light of the eyes” refers to a happy expression. The characteristic look of a person’s eyes when they smile fits this description. In fact, in English, a person with a large smile is said to be “beaming.” When a person greets others with a big smile, they feel uplifted and joyful. Paul understood how joy strengthens Christian bonds. He urged the Philippians to rejoice in the Lord (Philippians 4:4). Two members of the Philippian church, Euodia and Syntyche, were not getting along with each other. They needed to “agree in the Lord” (Philippians 4:2) and rejoice instead of bearing a grudge.

Just as a warm, welcoming look can make a person feel better, so too does good news. There is only a thin separation between one’s emotional health and physical health. Good news encourages those who receive it, and in turn the encouragement promotes physical well-being. Although Christians are not immune from disease, aches, and pains, the lifestyle which naturally comes from following God’s will gives a better chance at health than avoidable sickness or injury.. Much of this is due to avoiding the natural penalties of sinful living, including the effects of chemical abuse and risky behavior. The good news of the gospel and the good news of the promises in the Bible lift a believer’s spirits and contribute to good physical health.

Verse 31. The ear that listens to life-giving reproofwill dwell among the wise.

To be considered wise, a person needs to listen to good advice. That means godly advice, including correction (Proverbs 1:7; 3:11). Correction which comes from godly wisdom is life-giving (Proverbs 10:17; 13:14). Being reproved isn’t pleasant, but it is essential to a righteous life.

Paul commands Timothy to preach the word and to “reprove, rebuke, and exhort, with complete patience and teaching” (2 Timothy 4:2). Of course, appropriate reproof and rebuke must be based on Scripture. Paul writes in 2 Timothy 3:16 that God breathed out all Scripture and that it is “profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness.” A person gains wisdom by examining his life in the light of Scripture, then correcting his life, to the standard set by the Word of God.

It is the responsibility of mature believers to seek to guide an erring person back into with God’s will (2 Timothy 2:25). This task mainly involves fellow believers, where reproof has the goal of restoration. Galatians 6:1 reads: “Brothers, if anyone is caught in any transgression, you who are spiritual should restore him in a spirit of gentleness. Keep watch on yourself, lest you too be tempted.” In a very real sense, this applies regardless of the relative spiritual maturity of either side; even an immature believer can notice and “reprove” something about which a more mature person is in error.

Context Summary
Proverbs 15:31–33 closes the chapter by focusing on the benefits of receiving wise instruction. These commendations are all repeated several times over in other parts of the book of Proverbs. Key reminders in this segment are instruction, reproof, and reverent the fear of the Lord.

Verse 32. Whoever ignores instruction despises himself,but he who listens to reproof gains intelligence.

The Old Testament was written primarily in Hebrew, and under an ancient culture. Concepts such as “love” and “hate,” as expressed in English, are not necessarily contained in single words. In this context, “despising” something is not about an emotion. It means to prefer something else, or to go against that thing’s best interests. Solomon indicates that to ignore the wise teachings of an instructor is to “hate” yourself. The arrogant person who dismisses good advice may think he is superior to the instructor, but actually he is insulting and harming himself. This is like a very sick man who tosses aside the only medicine that can make him well, because he thinks he knows more than the doctor.

Whereas to refuse instruction is to deprive oneself of intelligence, to accept it is to gain intelligence. That often involves “reproof,” which means being corrected (Proverbs 15:31). This is not always pleasant, but it is a necessary part of learning.

Near the close of his earthly life Jesus wept over Jerusalem because it refused to receive him as its Messiah. He said, “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often I would have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!” (Matthew 23:37). Jerusalem had been unwilling to accept the instruction the Lord had sent; therefore, it suffered dire consequences. Everyone who accepts the instruction furnished by the gospel gains a personal knowledge of God and the ability to understand spiritual truth. In 1 Corinthians 2:12 Paul writes: “Now we have received not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might understand the things freely given us by God.”

Verse 33. The fear of the Lord is instruction in wisdom,and humility comes before honor.

By reverencing the Lord, a person gains wisdom (Proverbs 1:7), but he must humble himself to gain that wisdom. He willingly acknowledges his reliance on the Lord for wisdom, and he humbly obeys the Lord’s instructions (Proverbs 3:34; 11:2). A person cannot start from an attitude of arrogance and expect to earn honor.

James insists that “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble” (James 4:6). When Jesus entered the home of Mary and Martha, Mary sat humbly at His feet and listened to His teaching (Luke 10:39). When her sister Martha complained that Mary wasn’t helping her serve, Jesus said, “But one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, which will not be taken away from her” (Luke 10:42).

Serving Jesus through our deeds is good, but humbly receiving His instruction is better and necessary. God will exalt everyone who humbles themselves before Him. Luke 18:14 promises that “everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.” Jesus assured His disciples that prominence in His kingdom is based on humble service on behalf of others. He said, “Whoever would be first among you must be slave of all” (Mark 10:44). Jesus humbled Himself by becoming a man and dying on the cross for us (Philippians 2:7–8). “Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name” (Philippians 2:9).

End of Proverbs 15

Please Note:

The material use in this post, video is from BibleRef.com which is from Got Questions Ministries and is posted here to be read by Immersive reader in the Edge Browser. If you copy this material please follow these rules:

•Content from BibleRef.com may not be used for any commercial purposes, or as part of any commercial work, without explicit prior written consent from Got Questions ministries.

•Any use of our material should be properly credited; please make it clear the content is from BibleRef.com.

•BibleRef.com content may not be altered, modified, or otherwise changed unless such changes are specifically noted.