Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Proverbs Chapter 3 mean?

This chapter begins with another encouragement for the reader to embrace the wisdom being imparted. Solomon’s reference to “my son” most likely means his actual child or children. However, it was common for teachers in that era to refer to their students using father-son terminology. Typical of wisdom literature, the remarks that follow are segments of general-case advice. Wise living doesn’t guarantee a person a worry-free experience (Proverbs 3:25–26). Still, it greatly increases one’s chance of success. In that common-sense way, obeying these instructions will bring comparative peace and longevity (Proverbs 3:1–4).

The book of Proverbs often uses alternating patterns. These are sometimes used to contrast positive statements with negative ones. Here, Solomon presents several cycles of instructions and benefits. These emphasize the need to submit to godly wisdom, placing God and His will first and foremost in one’s life. This includes being willing to see God’s discipline as a sign of love, not a reason to despair (Proverbs 3:5–12).

Solomon also wrote the book of Ecclesiastes, which describes the results of trying to attain happiness through worldly means. In this passage, the reader is encouraged to see wisdom and discretion as unimaginably more valuable than wealth and material goods. Once again, true wisdom is grounded in the character and will of God. As in other parts of Proverbs, the term wisdom implies an ability to act according to godly knowledge. Discretion is the ability to carefully consider a situation, separating right from wrong and making the judicious choice. This passage also indicates that hardship can come even to those who follow godly wisdom. Still, among the advantages of godly wisdom are a clear conscience and confidence that God will stand beside a believer, no matter what (Proverbs 3:13–26).

The chapter ends with another set of instructions. These are focused on relationships, especially with other people. Among these are commands not to delay in doing good for others, especially when such honor is expected or owed. This passage touches on the fact that the ungodly often seem to have success—but this is nothing to envy. Even those who seem to prosper in their sin will eventually be held accountable to God. Those who are arrogant and foolish will one day be humiliated and disgraced; those who submit to godly wisdom will be blessed (Proverbs 3:27–35).

Chapter Context
This passage lies in the second section of the book, found in chapters 1—9. The author, King Solomon, reigned over Israel from 971 to 931 BC. The first section of Proverbs, the preface, is found in Proverbs 1:1–7. The third section, chapters 10—22, were also written by Solomon. These proverbs were likely written by Solomon in his middle years, whereas he probably wrote Song of Songs in his early adulthood, and Ecclesiastes near the end of his life. As in the first two chapters, wisdom is stressed in Proverbs 3.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. My son, do not forget my teaching,but let your heart keep my commandments,

Solomon addresses the reader as his “son.” This was a term often used by a teacher to refer to a student. It seems Solomon or others taught students in Solomon’s royal court. Or perhaps “my son” refers to a literal son in the home. Either way, the term and setting honor the tradition established in Deuteronomy 6, where the Lord commanded the fathers in Israel to teach His commandments diligently to their children (Deuteronomy 6:6–7).

Solomon commands his pupil to remember his teaching and keep his commandments. This obedience must stem from the heart, which implies a love for the commandments. Unless a person loves God’s Word, mere intellectual knowledge of it will not produce obedience. The Pharisees certainly had a head full of Scripture, but their hearts were far from God. On the outside they resembled whitewashed tombs but inwardly they were full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness (Matthew 23:27–28).

Context Summary
Proverbs 3:1–12 is an exhortation from Solomon to his son, urging him to heed his teaching and trust wholeheartedly in the Lord. He cites some of the valuable results of obedience and trust. This section builds on the counsel Solomon gave in Proverbs 2. The following section describes the blessings that come to those who find wisdom and understanding.

Verse 2. for length of days and years of lifeand peace they will add to you.

This promises that remembering Solomon’s teaching and obeying his commandments from the heart will bring his student longevity and peace. Although living to old age is not guaranteed for all Christians, the believer who avoids the harmful effects of sinful habits is far more likely to enjoy a long life along with peace of heart and mind (John 14:27; Ephesians 4:17–24). This is in keeping with the concept of a “proverb,” which are general statements of wisdom, not absolute prophecies.

Within the Ten Commandments God gave to Israel was a promise of longevity to those who honor their father and mother (Exodus 20:12). This promise is repeated in Ephesians 6:1–3. Furthermore, obeying God’s Word is the best way to avoid a troubled conscience. When King David, Solomon’s father, violated the commandment, “You shall not commit adultery” (Exodus 20:14), his guilty conscience made him feel like his bones were broken as he groaned under the weight of sin (Psalm 32:3). With forgiveness and a clear conscience he wrote “Great peace have those who love your law; nothing can make them stumble” (Psalm 119:165).

Verse 3. Let not steadfast love and faithfulness forsake you;bind them around your neck;write them on the tablet of your heart.

Here, Solomon counsels his student to always value steadfast love and faithfulness. These qualities were to adorn the student’s life as a necklace adorns its wearer, and they should be written figurately upon the heart. The Hebrew word translated “steadfast love” by the ESV is he’sed, meaning loyalty to one’s covenant. This kind of love is reflected in the lives of people who remain true to their marriage vows.

“Faithfulness” is from the Hebrew word emet. The primary meaning is dependability. When someone is dishonest or deceptive, we may refer to them as “false.” The opposite of this is reflected here. Some translations choose words like “truth” for this reason. Throughout a believer’s life, he should love God constantly and be dependable in doing what God assigns.

This comment carries a similar message as Deuteronomy 6:8. Literal interpretation of that instruction: for Israel to bind His commands as a sign on the hand and as frontlets between the eyes–led the Jews to copy certain texts of Scripture, put them in a leather case, and tie the case to the left arm and forehead at the time of prayer.

Verse 4. So you will find favor and good successin the sight of God and man.

Love of God and dependability will result in favor and good success in God’s sight, and in man’s sight too. As with all statements in wisdom literature, the point is not meant to be taken as an absolute promise in all situations. Rather, this flows from the general idea that following God’s will results in better results than to defy Him.

The Hebrew word for “favor” comes from a verb meaning “to be gracious or to show favor.” The word can be translated “grace” or “kindhearted” or “charm,” and carries the idea of popularity or approval.

To have “good success” is to enjoy a reputation as a competent, wise, effective person. At age 12 Jesus exemplified what it means to find favor and good success in God’s sight and in man’s sight too. Luke 2:40 says He “grew and became strong, filled with wisdom. And the favor of God was upon him.” The chapter closes with the statement, “And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature and in favor with God and man” (Luke 2:52). One of the qualifications for an overseer is this: “he must be well thought of by outsiders” (1 Timothy 3:7). Every church needs men who love God and are dependable so their reputation in the sight of God and man will be blameless.

Verse 5. Trust in the Lord with all your heart,and do not lean on your own understanding.

This is among the more often-quoted verses of the entire Bible. Solomon offers sound advice for life. Human understanding is always subject to error. What appears to be the right choice may be the wrong choice. But the Lord sees the big picture and He always knows what is best for us. The point here is not to be mindless or naïve. Rather, we need to recognize our own limitations. Just because we’re in over our heads does not mean God is no longer in control. The following verses add insights to this instruction (Proverbs 3:6–12).

Abraham could not see how everything would work out for the best when the Lord commanded him to slay his son Isaac on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22:1–2), but he trusted in the Lord with all his heart. The Lord had promised Abraham that He would establish His covenant with Isaac and his descendants (Genesis 17:19), so Abraham believed that, if necessary, the Lord would raise Isaac from the dead (Hebrews 11:17–19). At Mount Moriah, Abraham tied Isaac to an altar and raised a knife to plunge into Isaac’s chest, when the Lord intervened and substituted a ram for Isaac (Genesis 22:9–14). The Lord did not disappoint Abraham’s wholehearted trust, nor will He disappoint us if we trust Him with all our heart. Our understanding may need time to catch up with His will, but in the end we’ll see how He is always working for good.

Verse 6. In all your ways acknowledge him,and he will make straight your paths.

If we want perfect direction in life, whether we are buying a house or looking for a spouse, choosing a vocation or planning a vacation, in all our ways we should acknowledge the Lord. He will not only guide us in the right way but also remove obstacles from our path. The apostle James admonishes us to consult the Lord’s will when we need to plan our days (James 4:13–15). This doesn’t mean we’ll get answers to every question we might ever have. A blunt figure of speech used in English points out that life is already hard, and it’s only harder when one makes foolish choices. Following God’s plan and His will is a good way to avoid added struggle.

We find a good example in Genesis 24 of a person who acknowledged the Lord and received perfect guidance. He was Abraham’s servant who was on a mission to find a suitable bride for Abraham’s son Isaac. The servant went to Nahor, a city in Mesopotamia, and rested his camels beside a spring of water when the women of the city approached to draw water. He prayed to the Lord for success in finding the right woman for Isaac (Genesis 24:12–14). The Lord answered his prayer, and Rebekah would soon become Isaac’s bride. Abraham’s servant praised the Lord for directing him to Rebekah. He said, “Blessed be the LORD, the God of my master Abraham, who has not forsaken his steadfast love and his faithfulness toward my master. As for me, the LORD has led me in the way to the house of my master’s kinsmen” (Genesis 24:27).

Verse 7. Be not wise in your own eyes;fear the Lord, and turn away from evil.

Solomon continues his counsel regarding trusting the Lord instead of one’s own understanding. He tells us not to rely on our own wisdom. This does not mean we’re to act recklessly or without thought. The point is that our intellect is nothing compared to that of God, who created us. Human wisdom falls far below God’s wisdom and leads to false assumptions. Romans 1:22–23 reports that the heathen claimed to be wise but became fools by worshiping nature instead of the Creator.

It is infinitely better to reverence the Lord, trust Him, and turn one’s back on evil than to follow our own inclinations. Job did not understand why he was suffering so greatly, but he was convinced that the Lord knew what he was doing. He acknowledged that his responsibility was to reverence the Lord and reject evil. In Job 28:28, he quoted the Lord as saying, “Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’ Therefore, Job did not let his sufferings persuade him to sin. Instead, he wisely reverenced the Lord and eventually received abundant reward (Job 42:10–17).

Verse 8. It will be healing to your fleshand refreshment to your bones.

Solomon tells his student what the results will be if the student trusts in the Lord wholeheartedly, acknowledges the Lord in everything, fears the Lord, and turns his back on evil. Good health and refreshing are the normal results of a good relationship with the Lord.

Exodus 15:22–25 describes a situation in which the Israelites were desperate for water. They grumbled when they found water at Marah, but could not drink it because it was bitter. However, the Lord cured the water and promised, “If you will diligently listen to the voice of the LORD your God, and do that which is right in his eyes, and give ear to his commandments and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you that I put on the Egyptians, for I am the LORD, your healer” (Exodus 15:26). Next, the people of Israel came to a refreshing oasis, where they set up camp.

Although the Lord’s promise of healing was given to the ancient nation of Israel, good health and vitality is more likely to come to those who maintain a close relationship with the Lord. Following God’s commands makes one less likely to experience the diseases, accidents, and consequences which often befall those who lead a decadent life.

Verse 9. Honor the Lord with your wealthand with the firstfruits of all your produce;

The Israelites were commanded by the Lord to give the first of their crops to the Lord out of gratitude for his bountiful provisions (Deuteronomy 26:1–3, 9–11). They were also commanded to tithe: to give a tenth of their wealth to the Lord (Numbers 18:21–24). About 400 years after Solomon’s death, the Lord accused Israel of robbing Him by not tithing. He ordered: “Bring the full tithe into the storehouse” (Malachi 3:10).

It’s important to recognize that tithing was mandated for Israel, not for all people everywhere. Although God does not require Christians to tithe, the idea of giving a portion of our income to God’s work is a good start to our giving. We ought to give regularly and proportionately (1 Corinthians 16:2), as well as bountifully (2 Corinthians 9:6) and of one’s cheerful free will (2 Corinthians 9:7).

The Lord deems the heart of the giver of greater value than the gift. When Jesus saw a poor widow deposit two small copper coins into the temple’s treasury, He commended her, saying, “She out of her poverty has put in everything she had, all she had to live on” (Mark 12:44).

Verse 10. then your barns will be filled with plenty,and your vats will be bursting with wine.

This verse promises that the Lord will reward faithful giving. This echoes Deuteronomy 28:11–12, which promises Israel: “And the LORD will make you abound in prosperity…The Lord will open to you his good treasury, the heavens, to give the rain to your land in its season and to bless all the work of your hands.” As always, context matters when interpreting these Scriptures. Deuteronomy’s promises are meant for the nation of Israel, not for all people at all times. A “proverb,” by definition, is a general statement. Solomon is not making an ironclad guarantee to all people in all circumstances. And yet, those who honor God set themselves up for better outcomes than those who live in rebellion.

The Lord has not promised Christians material prosperity in return for faithful giving. However, He has promised to meet all our needs (Matthew 6:33). Paul acknowledged the faithful giving of the Philippian church, and promised, “And my God will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 4:19). It is noteworthy that he did not say “out of His riches,” but “according to His riches.” God is a generous giver, but it is unlikely He will pour blessings into a closed hand. He loves and rewards a generous giver.

Verse 11. My son, do not despise the Lord ‘s disciplineor be weary of his reproof,

The God who guides, removes obstacles, and provides abundantly for His people can be trusted to discipline them for their good and His glory. Therefore, Solomon instructs his student not to despise the Lord’s discipline or become weary of His reproof. To despise the Lord’s discipline is to reject or minimize it. In common biblical use, this suggests the opposite of “preferring” something.

To be weary of God’s reproof is to loathe or abhor it. The Lord’s discipline is not punishment; it is remedial. We learn much by being disciplined. We learn to identify actions that displease the Lord and impede our spiritual progress. When the Lord disciplined Jonah for his rebellious attitude, he prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah. The whale was the Lord’s messenger to save Jonah from the stormy sea, but is was also the means whereby the Lord taught Jonah to obey him (Jonah 1:10—2:10). Discipline in the Lord’s hands is an effective tool He uses to shape us into the kind of people He wants us to be.

Verse 12. for the Lord reproves him whom he loves,as a father the son in whom he delights.

This verse points out that discipline is an evidence of the Lord’s love. If He did not love us, He would not discipline us. An uncaring God would let us follow our sinful inclinations consequence-free, going headlong into sin and meeting its destructive end. We see the same pattern echoed in earthly fathers. A father who does not discipline his son does not demonstrate love, he exhibits selfishness and shame. In short, a father who never disciplines his children is derelict. He fails to guide his son away from destructive sinning and lets him go his own headstrong way, much to the harm of society.

On the other hand, a father who loves his son will point out wrongdoing and its destructive consequences. His discipline will guide his son in the paths of righteousness so he will become a man of character who honors the Lord.

Hebrews 12:6 cites these very words: “For the Lord disciplines the one he loves, and chastises every son whom he receives.” When the Lord disciplines us, it is time to examine our lives and confess every known sin (1 John 1:9).

Verse 13. Blessed is the one who finds wisdom,and the one who gets understanding,

In this verse Solomon describes the one who finds wisdom as “blessed.” The word “blessed” means happy. Psalm 1:1 identifies the “blessed” [happy] person as the one who rejects the lifestyle of the wicked but delights in God’s Word.

In His sermon on the Mount, Jesus identified the blessed as the poor in spirit, the mourners, the meek, those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, the merciful, the pure in heart, the peacemakers, those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, and those who are reviled falsely for His sake (Matthew 5:2–11).

Solomon describes wisdom and understanding in Proverbs, but does not explicitly supply definitions. As used across the text, however, wisdom is the ability to act according to accurate knowledge. Understanding, in Proverbs, is insight or intelligence—the ability to know something well enough to pass its value along to others. The acquisition of both wisdom and understanding produces happiness. Believers find life’s greatest happiness in knowing and doing God’s will and having the insight to determine how they should respond to a godless culture.

Context Summary
Proverbs 3:13–26 extols the virtue of wisdom. Solomon began this discussion in chapter 1, and explained in chapter 2 that the Lord gives wisdom to the upright. Now he describes as blessed the person who finds wisdom, and explains its benefits and applications. Wisdom, as used in this book, refers to the ability to apply godly knowledge. While not a guarantee someone will act accordingly, having a grasp of God’s intent for our lives is immensely valuable.

Verse 14. for the gain from her is better than gain from silverand her profit better than gold.

Wisdom is a possession whose value far outweighs that of silver and gold. The reference to “her” continues the pattern of imagining wisdom as a woman (Proverbs 1:20). As used in the book of Proverbs, wisdom is the ability to act on knowledge. It implies the opportunity—but not the guarantee—for someone to make godly choices. A person can possess wisdom, but fail to follow it. The book of Ecclesiastes demonstrates that Solomon did not always act according to wisdom.

Like Solomon, many individuals have pursued wealth only to find unhappiness. Paul told Timothy to warn his congregation about the folly of lusting after riches. He said, “those who desire to be rich fall into temptation, into a snare, into many senseless and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction” (1 Timothy 6:9). He explained, “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils” (1 Timothy 6:10).

Proverbs 23:4–5 counsels: “Do not toil to acquire wealth; be discerning enough to desist. When your eyes light on it, it is gone, for suddenly it sprouts wings, flying like an eagle toward heaven.” Jesus told a story about a prosperous farmer who thought an abundant harvest could satisfy his soul far into the future. Jesus called him a fool, because he was not rich toward God, and before the light of the following day God demanded his soul. He died, leaving all his wealth behind (Luke 12:13–21).

Verse 15. She is more precious than jewels,and nothing you desire can compare with her.

In this verse Solomon continues to describe the value of wisdom. This continues the poetic representation of wisdom as a woman (Proverbs 1:20; 3:14). He says wisdom is more precious than jewels, and nothing anyone might desire can compare with wisdom. Proverbs uses the term wisdom in reference to something more than mere intelligence, or knowledge. Biblical wisdom is the ability to apply knowledge in a godly way. That capacity to follow God’s will is incredibly valuable—more so than any material possession ever would be.

The Hebrew word translated “jewels” in the ESV is pe’niy’yim, which more or less means “pearls,” but can also be applied to all kinds of precious gems. As of this writing, an emerald-and-diamond ring associated with the Rockefeller family carries an estimated value of $5.5 million in United States dollars. A stone known as the Oppenheimer Blue diamond carries a value more than $57.5 million, and the famous Hope Diamond is estimated to be worth $250 million. Nevertheless, none of these gems are as valuable as wisdom.

Furthermore, this Scripture affirms that nothing a person can desire can compare with wisdom. That includes all possessions, accolades, and luxuries. A person may desire fame or fortune, but wisdom is far better. Even ownership of the world’s highest priced mansion, automobile, yacht, or private jet cannot compare with the value of wisdom. A truly wise person can enjoy fellowship with God now and forever as well as eternal rewards, whereas a worldly-wise person without God may surround himself with luxuries, but he has nothing of eternal value.

Verse 16. Long life is in her right hand;in her left hand are riches and honor.

In this verse Solomon again portrays wisdom as a woman (Proverbs 1:20), perhaps a princess, who bestows valuable gifts to those who find her. It’s helpful to remember that the book of Proverbs uses the term wisdom in reference to one’s ability to act according to godly knowledge. This, accordingly, is more precious than any material possession.

From her right hand, wisdom bestows longevity. From her left hand she bestows wealth and honor. As a general rule, wisdom—the ability to follow the will and purposes of God—allows a person to enjoy both quantity of years and quality of life. Because wisdom enables a wise person to shun evil and bad habits, he avoids the destructive effects of sin that befall so many who lack wisdom. Therefore, the wise person’s life is not cut short by reckless living. A wise person also enjoys quality of life by choosing to obey the Lord and stay in close fellowship with Him.

Furthermore, others respect such a person. Even unbelievers will respect him, although they reject his way of life. Believers are linked to Jesus, “in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Colossians 2:3). And when we draw from Christ’s wisdom and live wisely, we are “blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted generation, among whom we shine as lights in the world” (Philippians 2:15).

Verse 17. Her ways are ways of pleasantness,and all her paths are peace.

Solomon comments that wisdom’s ways are pleasant and peaceful. His father David concurred with this observation. David wrote in Psalm 16:11 that in God’s presence there is fullness of joy, and at His right hand there are pleasures forevermore. As believers obey the source of wisdom, which is God, they experience joy and peace. The unregenerate world cannot bestow either attribute.

Unbelievers may search for joy, but they are unable to find it. Whatever peace the non-believer finds is shallow and fleeting. Individuals may spend a small fortune on chemicals and self-help without attaining peace, and nations may enter into peace accords that last only a brief amount of time. By contrast, Jesus gives His followers joy (John 15:11), and peace (John 16:33). He said in John 14:27, “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid.”

Verse 18. She is a tree of life to those who lay hold of her;those who hold her fast are called blessed.

Wisdom has been poetically imagined as a woman several times in Proverbs (Proverbs 1:20; 3:14). Here, Solomon brings in another analogy: a tree of life. We read of “the” tree of life in Genesis 2:9, and the Bible’s last mention of a tree of life happens in Revelation 22. In Revelation 22:14 the tree of life is available to those who are cleansed and are therefore believers. They are also called “blessed” in verse 14, and they are qualified to enter the New Jerusalem.

Here, those who find wisdom are also called “blessed.” The tree of life speaks of longevity and fruitfulness, and certainly those who follow godly wisdom are blessed with a long life—eternal life—and a spiritually fruitful life. Jesus said, “Already you are clean because of the word that I have spoken to you…Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit” (John 15:3, 5). Wisdom leads to faith in Jesus, cleansing from sin, and a productive spiritual life.

Verse 19. The Lord by wisdom founded the earth;by understanding he established the heavens;

To emphasize the extraordinary magnitude of God’s wisdom, Solomon appeals to creation. We can only stand in awe of God’s creative wisdom. We see signs of it everywhere, from the hummingbird to the Himalayas, from the human body to the heavenly bodies, from the earth below us to the sky above us, from the bluebird to a sunburst, from a minnow to a manatee, and from a rainforest to a rainbow. Only the all-wise God could create such a diverse universe. Psalm 19:1 presents the potent testimony of God’s creation: that which God created “declares” His glory.

In the book of Job, God answers Job’s struggling questions by reminding him of this same idea. Out of the whirlwind, God asked: “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?…Who determined its measurements…” (Job 38:4–5). No one can fathom the depths of God’s wisdom (Isaiah 55:8–9), yet He condescends to share some of His wisdom with those who trust and obey Him. James 1:5 states: “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him.”

Verse 20. by his knowledge the deeps broke open,and the clouds drop down the dew.

Solomon extols God’s knowledge by recalling that the Lord burst open reservoirs of water that were below the earth in the time of Noah. Genesis 7:11 reports that “in the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of the heavens were opened.” In those days, unbelievers might have mocked Noah as he built an ark and preached. They felt safe. But in His knowledge the Lord burst the fountains of the deep and silenced Noah’s critics.

Rain also serves as a reminder of how God’s design, through His wisdom, accomplishes His will. When the Lord questioned Job, He asked: “Who has cleft a channel for the torrents of rain…to bring rain on a land where no man is, on the desert in which there is no man, to satisfy the waste and desolate land, and to make the ground sprout with grass?” (Job 38:25–27).

Verse 21. My son, do not lose sight of these —keep sound wisdom and discretion,

Wisdom is a term already used frequently in Proverbs. In this book, it refers to an ability to apply godly knowledge. In prior verses, Solomon depicted wisdom as a woman (Proverbs 1:20; 3:14). True wisdom includes not just intellectual prowess but also correct moral judgment. In this verse “sound judgment” means victory or the success that results from having wisdom.

Here, the concept of discretion is applauded. In English, the word discretion implies making sound decisions, especially between options—it emphasizes an ability to separate between subtly different things. In Hebrew, the word is me-zim’māh’, which includes many different ideas, including plotting, planning, and careful thought. Having the quality of discretion means carefully assessing how and when to act, or not, under circumstances that require it.

Joshua urged his generation to make the right decision, the one he had made. He said he and his house would serve the Lord, and he challenged the Israelites to choose whom they would serve. He said, “Now therefore fear the LORD and serve him in sincerity and in faithfulness. Put away the gods that your fathers served beyond the River and in Egypt, and serve the LORD…choose this day whom you will serve” (Joshua 24:14–15).

Christians, too, need the ability to make right decisions. We must refuse to let the world squeeze us into its mold and instead yield our body and mind to the Lord for the performance of His good, acceptable, and perfect will (Romans 12:1–2). That does not always come with easy, simple, clear choices—we often must use our own discretion (1 Corinthians 10:23; Romans 14:23).

Verse 22. and they will be life for your souland adornment for your neck.

Here we see the benefits of sound wisdom and discretion: the “they” referred to here are those qualities from the prior verse. While wisdom implies the ability to act on knowledge, discretion is the capacity to closely assess something. The Hebrew word translated as “discretion” is me-zim’māh’, which includes ideas like plotting, planning, and analyzing. A “wise” person knows how to apply their knowledge in a godly way. A “discerning” person is careful and precise in making decisions.

These two attributes bring the benefits of life and a good reputation. All who believe on Jesus as Savior receive abundant life (John 10:10). When Jesus promised the woman at Jacob’s well that she would never thirst again if she drank from His well, He said, “Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again. The water that I will give him will become a spring of water welling up to eternal life” (John 4:13–14). A spring of water differs from an ordinary well, because it is an artesian well with its source higher than its outflow. It bubbles and gushes! Similarly, the life Jesus gives has energy and force. The Christian life, therefore, is not stagnant but energetic to the benefit of all who witness it. It is like an attractive necklace that people observe with admiration.

Verse 23. Then you will walk on your way securely,and your foot will not stumble.

Solomon continues to name the benefits of sound wisdom and discretion. These traits were described in prior verses. To embrace those qualities brings security. Likely, King David told his son Solomon about the many times the Lord protected him from Saul in the wilderness. Now Solomon tells his student that God will enable him to walk securely without stumbling.

As with all statements in Proverbs, this is not meant as a universal guarantee. Danger and hardship come even to those who honor God (Proverbs 3:25). Rather, wisdom literature such as this presents general statements. Those who follow God’s will, and His plan, have much less risk and greater chance for success than those who rebel. This statement, however, comes close to being an absolute prediction. When a person stumbles into sin, or strays from the path of God’s will, it can only be done by failing to hold to sound wisdom and discernment.

Given all of that, it is comforting to know we do not walk alone through life. Our Good Shepherd, Jesus, walks with us. Not only does He walk with us, but He also walks in front of us. He leads us beside placid waters and in the paths of righteousness (Psalm 23:2–3). In John 10:4 Christ assures us that He goes before us. Therefore, nothing befalls us that He has not encountered and allowed for our good. Hebrews 4:15 depicts Jesus as our great High Priest who sympathizes with our weaknesses and was tempted in every way that we are tempted. The next verse encourages us, therefore, to carry our concerns to Him in prayer, “that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need” (Hebrews 4:16).

Verse 24. If you lie down, you will not be afraid;when you lie down, your sleep will be sweet.

This promise comes in the same context as prior verses: a generally true statement of the benefits of obeying God. Obedience to the Lord is not a magical spell that prevents us from all negative things (Proverbs 3:25; John 16:1–4). However, those who follow God’s Word and submit to His will don’t put themselves under the same risks as those who are rebellious or depraved. Earlier verses pointed out that following the path which godly wisdom lays out will keep us from stumbling (Proverbs 3:23).

In that same sense, this verse tells us not to fear when we lie down to sleep. Even in the ancient day, fears and anxieties were a major disruption to one’s sleep. Living wisely causes us to sleep soundly, because we know the Lord watches over us at night as well as during the day. David explains in Psalm 4:8, “In peace I will both lie down and sleep; for you alone, O LORD, make me dwell in safety.” Also, when we honor the Lord and have a clear conscience, we aren’t going to be kept awake fearing for the consequences of our actions.

Sleep comes more peacefully if we treasure the Lord’s promise to be with us always (Matthew 28:20). When Herod arrested and imprisoned the apostle Peter with the likely intent to execute him the following day, Peter slept soundly. The fact that his execution was planned and guards were stationed around him did not interrupt his sleep (Acts 12:1–12). It is possible he recalled Jesus’ prediction that he would die as an old man (John 21:18), and reasoned, “I am not old yet, so I have nothing to worry about. Herod cannot take my life tomorrow.” Or perhaps he simply trusted that God would be with him regardless of the circumstances so there was no reason to fear. Wisdom teaches us to rely on the Lord’s promises and get a good night’s sleep.

Verse 25. Do not be afraid of sudden terroror of the ruin of the wicked, when it comes,

Solomon advises his son not to be afraid of sudden terror or the impending ruin of the wicked. Here, again, context matters. Prior verses explained the benefits of living by godly wisdom and discretion (Proverbs 3:21–24). Among those are natural freedom from the consequences of rebellion and depravity; a person who seeks the will of God has much less to fear and greater chances of success. This is a common interpretation of this verse: those who avoid evil also avoid the consequences of evil.

Scholars note, however, that this phrase might also mean something external. “The ruin of the wicked” mentioned here might be reference to those times when evil people trouble the righteous. Scripture is clear that following the will of God does not magically prevent believers from hardship. Such acknowledgement is typified by verses such as this. This warning would be given because even those who believe will sometimes be faced with “the onslaught of the wicked.”

Nothing harmful that takes God’s people by surprise should cause them to fear. Realistically, we know fear is a natural response. But it is not our only option. The Lord is with us even when unexpected trouble arrives. Rarely does the person who falls victim to a terrorist’s bomb or a mass murderer’s bullet expect the sudden attack, but the believer must not fear even terror. Jesus taught His followers not to fear those who kill the body. He said they cannot kill the soul (Matthew 10:28). David writes in Psalm 27:1: “The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?”

Even more importantly, believers need not be afraid of the dreadful fate of the wicked, according to Proverbs 3:25. We will not be caught in their judgment, because the Lord has saved us from it (Romans 8:1).

Verse 26. for the Lord will be your confidenceand will keep your foot from being caught.

According to this verse our security rests with the Lord. He will protect us. No one will be able to trap us. When we trusted in Jesus as our Savior, we became God’s children and His friends, but we also became targets of the Devil and the unregenerate world. The world hates us and opposes us, but we should not be surprised or dismayed (John 15:18–21). The last several verses have emphasized the peace of mind which comes to those who follow godly wisdom and discretion. While our actions cannot save us (Ephesians 2:8–9), they do reflect our beliefs (James 2:18–20). Acting in accordance with godliness not only keeps us from the risks of sinful behavior (Proverbs 3:21–24), it enhances our reassurance that God is by our side (Hebrews 11:13–16).

Jesus predicted that we would have tribulation in the world, but He assured us He has overcome the world (John 16:33). The apostle Paul also predicted we would face opposition because of our commitment to lead a godly life. He wrote: “Indeed, all who desire to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted” (2 Timothy 3:12), but he also addressed believers as “more than conquerors through him who loved us” (Romans 8:37). The apostle John, too, noted that we are overcomers because of our faith in Jesus as the Son of God (1 John 5:5).

Verse 27. Do not withhold good from those to whom it is due,when it is in your power to do it.

Solomon now directs his student’s attention to others. The phrasing used here highlights this as a duty: we are not to “withhold good.” That implies this “good” is something we’re obligated to give others. In more relaxed English, this is like saying, “treat others right.” For that reason, this first instruction touches on the modern use of the word “honor,” as used for meeting an obligation. Especially when something good is expected, or owed, we should actively seek to fulfill that command. This is re-emphasized in the following verse (Proverbs 3:28) This doing good, or honoring, can take many different forms.

A child can honor parents by being obedient and respectful (Ephesians 6:1–2). Parents can honor their children by not picking on them for every little thing. Instead, they ought to consider their children a stewardship from the Lord and rear them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord (Ephesians 6:4).

Servants or employees can honor an employer by working hard and sincerely as unto the Lord (Ephesians 6:5–7). Masters or employers should treat their employees fairly (Ephesians 6:9). An employer can honor loyal, productive employees by granting a promotion, a gift of appreciation, or a raise.

Young people can honor and respect senior citizens (1 Peter 5:5).

Church members can honor their spiritual leaders by paying them well for their faithful service (1 Timothy 5:17) and by “[esteeming] them very highly in love because of their work” (1 Thessalonians 5:12–13).

Context Summary
Proverbs 3:27–35 gives general principles about our relationships, both with other people and with God. Solomon instructs the reader to show honor, integrity, trustworthiness, peace, and contentment towards others. This passage also contrasts the response of God to those who defy His will, versus His actions towards those who honor Him.

Verse 28. Do not say to your neighbor, “Go, and come again,tomorrow I will give it” — when you have it with you.

In this verse Solomon endorses both charity and transparency. This comment flows naturally from the prior verse, which forbids someone to “withhold good” from those to whom it is due. Doing good for others—especially when it’s something expected or owed—is not to be delayed. The imagery used here also suggests someone coming with a request for help. Saying “come back later,” when help is available now, is stubborn and dishonest. In the New Testament, James evokes this same idea, condemning the practice of offering words to the poor without backing them up with charitable giving (James 2:15–16).

Further context for this approach comes from other scriptural commands about helping one’s neighbors. The Lord instructed Israel not to reap their fields right up to the edge but to leave some of the harvest for the poor and the sojourner (Leviticus 23:22). Being a devout Israelite, farmer Boaz observed this injunction and gave instructions to his laborers to let the widow Ruth glean “even among the sheaves” (Ruth 2:15). Ezekiel 18:12 condemns the person who “oppresses the poor and needy.”

The early church diligently cared for the poor. At Pentecost the believers sold their possessions and belongings and distributed the proceeds to the needy (Acts 2:45). The needy at the time were Jews from foreign countries who had come to observe the Feast of Pentecost and had become believers in Jesus. Far from home, they had no means of support. Later, in a time of famine, the apostle Paul initiated an offering for the poor (1 Corinthians 16:1–4; 2 Corinthians 9:1–2).

Verse 29. Do not plan evil against your neighbor,who dwells trustingly beside you.

Verses 27 and 28 warned against withholding good from those to whom it was due. This, it seems, includes the idea of not delaying charity for those who are in need (Proverbs 3:27–28). The instruction of this verse continues that progression of thought. This verse condemns actively planning to harm or cause trouble for someone’s neighbor. The Hebrew word translated as “plan” here has an interesting set of meanings. It mostly refers to plowing a field by digging furrows. Yet it is also used for engraving, and as a noun it can refer to a skilled artist. Used here, this suggests purposeful, premeditated evil against one’s neighbor.

This is especially wicked because the neighbor is totally unsuspecting. He presumes his neighbor will treat him respectfully. Exodus 20:16 –17 defends a neighbor’s right to be honored and protected. These verses command: “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.” To purposely plot evil against a trusting neighbor is to transgress everything these commandments stand for.

Perhaps, when writing Proverbs 3:29, Solomon recalled his father David’s evil plot against his neighbor Uriah. After stealing Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba, and committing adultery with her, David ordered his general Joab to place Uriah on the front line against the enemy, knowing Uriah would be killed. The plot worked, but the Lord would soon expose David’s sin (2 Samuel 11:1—12:7).

Verse 30. Do not contend with a man for no reason,when he has done you no harm.

A “proverb” is a general-case statement of advice. In the ancient day, as today, these are not understood as absolute guarantees. Instead, they explain the best course of action, along with the most typical result. In this case, Solomon teaches that a wise person doesn’t pick fights. If a person has not grievously wronged us, we have no reason to quarrel with him. Note, however, this verse allows that some conflicts with others are justified—what’s condemned is strife without a compelling reason.

In some parts of America, this is summed up with the English idiom “don’t start none, won’t be none,” referring to trouble as something one ought not stir up without a good reason. That idiom is just a rephrasing of Romans 12:18, which instructs: “If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all.” Common sense says that it’s better not to start fights and arguments than to be constantly embroiled in them.

Those who live according to the sinful nature stir up strife and dissensions (Galatians 5:20), whereas those who walk in the Spirit manifest peace in their lives (Galatians 5:16, 22). Paul rebuked the contentious members of the Galatian churches and warned them about the consequences of their actions. He wrote: “If you bite and devour one another, watch out that you are not consumed by one another” (Galatians 5:15).

In listing the requirements of an overseer, Paul wrote they should be “not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome” (1 Timothy 3:3). Near the end of his life, Paul called out by name Alexander the coppersmith. He charged: “Alexander the coppersmith did me great harm; the Lord will repay him according to his deeds” (2 Timothy 4:14).

Can you imagine how much less strife and bitterness there would be in the church—let alone the world—if every believer obeyed the injunction of this verse?

Verse 31. Do not envy a man of violenceand do not choose any of his ways,

Prior verses followed a progression. The reader is commanded not to delay in doing good to others, not to withhold help from a neighbor, not to plan evil against a neighbor, and then to avoid unnecessary conflict (Proverbs 3:27–30). The command given here follows that chain by warning against looking to “a man of violence” either as a role model or with jealousy. In context, this means something more than a person who engages in fistfights or mayhem. It also refers to something more than simply being jealous of what such a person has gained.

As used here, the “man of violence” would be someone who does the opposite of the commands just given. Those who are selfish, cruel, plotting, or greedy towards others might seem to gain material wealth. The instruction Solomon gives here is that such actions should not be echoed. In Psalm 37:1, David, Solomon’s father, gives similar advice. He writes: “Fret not yourself because of evildoers; be not envious of wrongdoers.” Instead of envying wrongdoers, believers should trust in the Lord. In verse 16 David reasons, “Better is a little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked.”

The other meaning of this verse is that godly people should not become bitter or jealous when evildoers appear to prosper. Asaph, the writer of Psalm 73, almost made shipwreck of the faith because he envied the arrogant wicked because they were prosperous (Psalm 73:1–3). He saw them as trouble free, fat, malicious, blasphemous, and growing richer and richer (Psalm 73:3–12). However, he stopped envying the wicked when the Lord revealed their disastrous fate to him (Psalm 73:17–20, 27).

The way of the wicked may look easy and prosperous, but disaster waits at the end of the road. It is far better to follow the road that leads to endless blessings.

Verse 32. for the devious person is an abomination to the Lord,but the upright are in his confidence.

The Hebrew word translated as “devious” here implies something bent, turned aside, or perverse. The term evokes some of the same feelings as the modern English word “crooked.” This is directly contrasted with a Hebrew word which implies something stretched, straight, and smooth: someone who is “upright.” This verse makes a strong claim about God’s view of those who are dishonest and fraudulent: they are “an abomination” to God.

Instead of walking the straight and narrow road the Lord has marked out in Scripture, the devious person travels his own way, the way of lawlessness, selfishness, and violence. Proverbs 14:2 says the devious person despises the Lord. The word “abomination” applies to whatever and whoever is offensive in the moral sense. Sinful pride, lying, shedding of innocent blood, a heart that makes wicked plans, feet that hurry to do evil, and anyone who sows discord among brothers are all abominations to the Lord (Proverbs 6:16–19).

Believers need to stay clear of this kind of person and reject his ways. They have nothing to gain from fellowshipping with him. However, they have everything to gain from fellowshipping with the Lord. He holds believers “in his confidence.” This phrase, in Hebrew, implies an inner circle of trust and intimacy.

Verse 33. The Lord ‘s curse is on the house of the wicked,but he blesses the dwelling of the righteous.

Scripture is not naïve about the world. Following good wisdom is more likely to bring success, but it’s not an ironclad guarantee of prosperity. This very passage warns that fear and hardship will still come (Proverbs 3:25–26). In the same way, Proverbs does not shy away from the fact that those who blatantly defy God sometimes seem to have great earthly prosperity (Proverbs 3:31).

What separates the value of those approaches is a long-term perspective, especially one that looks into eternity. In Matthew 7:24–27 Jesus described the difference between a house built on sand and one built on a rock. The house on the sand fell victim to a flood, whereas the house on the rock stood firm. The house on the sand represents a life without Jesus’ words as its foundation. The house on a rock represents a life built on the foundation of Jesus’ words.

In another passage of Scripture, Jesus spoke about a rich man who must have lived in a beautiful house. He lived the so-called good life. He wore expensive clothes and ate extremely well every day, but his life was not founded on the Lord, and at the end of his life he suffered the anguish of fire (Luke 16:19–24). His fate should serve as a warning to the wicked.

Verse 34. Toward the scorners he is scornful,but to the humble he gives favor.

The English verb “scorn” or “scoff” or “mock” comes from the Hebrew word yā’lis’, referring to the behavior of one who sneers at others. The noun “scoffer” is from the word lē’sim, meaning one who is derisive or arrogant. Those with overly inflated opinions of themselves will be humiliated in the face of a supreme God. In contrast, those who admit their own weakness and limitations can find mercy and grace in God (Hebrews 4:15–16). This concept is often repeated in teachings of the New Testament (James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5).

Even a self-labelled “religious” person can scorn God’s grace and mercy by proudly relying on his own righteousness. This is illustrated in Jesus’ story about two men who entered the temple to pray (Luke 18:9–14). One man, a proud Pharisee, recited his religious deeds and compared himself favorably to other men, including the tax collector. But the tax collector’s humility found favor in God’ sight. The tax collector stood far off, would not raise his eyes to heaven, but beat his beast and prayed humbly, “God, be merciful to me, a sinner” (Luke 18:13). Jesus said the publican went home justified rather than the proud Pharisee. He concluded the story by saying, “For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted” (Luke 18:14).

Verse 35. The wise will inherit honor,but fools get disgrace.

Wisdom leads to honor, whereas foolishness leads to disgrace. In Proverbs, “wisdom” is the ability to act according to godly knowledge. “Foolishness” does not mean stupidity, or a lack of information. Rather, “fools” are closedminded, stubborn, arrogant, hardened to spiritual truth, and they ridicule godly perspectives. These consequences of godliness versus foolishness are generally true in earthly life (Proverbs 3:31; Psalm 73:16–20), but they are absolutely the case in eternity.

Philippians 3:18 describes many who despise spiritual truth as enemies of the cross of Christ. The following verse says plainly, “their end is destruction” (Philippians 3:19). Someday, all who are foolish in God’s sight will end up like the rich farmer who put his confidence in material possessions instead of in God. When he boasted that he could eat, drink, and be merry because he had so many goods stored up, God called him a fool and required his soul that very night (Luke 12:20).

The wise, by contrast, are those who trust in God and do His will. They will receive honor. The apostle Paul, for example, obeyed God’s will and looked forward to receiving the crown of righteousness (2 Timothy 4:8). He added in the same verse that the crown of righteousness would also be awarded to all who have loved Jesus’ appearing. Fools have nothing to gain but everything to lose, whereas the wise have nothing to lose but everything to gain!

End of Proverbs 3

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