Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Psalms Chapter 25 mean?

This psalm follows an acrostic pattern. Each verse begins with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In this prayer, David perceives life as a difficult journey that can be pursued successfully only with the Lord’s guidance. David is concerned about his foes and his faults and entreats the Lord to deliver him from both. He trusts in the Lord as the God of his salvation, who can keep him from being ashamed by his treacherous enemies (Psalm 25:1–3).

David appeals to God for guidance and for forgiveness. The psalm expresses confidence that God will forgive youthful sins—something David presumes for himself given that his heart and attitude are godly. Out of consistent love, the Lord never stops caring for those who seek Him (Psalm 25:4–7).

This prayer also recognizes the Lord as good, upright, merciful, loving, and the friend of those who fear him. David acknowledges that God provides knowledge and correction for all people. Those who are willing to listen—those who are not arrogant or stubborn—can learn from God’s love and follow His will (Psalm 25:8–10).

Even though David’s life mostly followed God’s will, he did not claim to be perfect. Here, he acknowledges that he is a sinner who needs to be forgiven. Echoing the earlier verses of this psalm, he connects obedience to God with increased knowledge and less chance of disaster (Psalm 25:11–15).

Turning to express his need, David regards the Lord as the only one who can deliver him from the danger that distressed him. Once again, while pleading for rescue, David admits his sin and asks for forgiveness. The psalm concludes with a prayer for Israel’s rescue (Psalm 25:16–22).

Chapter Context
Psalm 25 finds David facing difficulty and seeking the Lord’s guidance. Proverbs 3:5–6 offers a similar emphasis on divine guidance for those who seek the Lord’s will. Deuteronomy 32 provides parallel teaching, as do Psalm 37:1–7 and Psalm 40.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. To you, O Lord, I lift up my soul.

In this verse David looks to the Lord in prayer. Although he was surrounded by pagan nations that worshiped false gods, David addressed his prayer to the one and only true God, Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God.

The words “lift up my soul” indicate that David was turning to God with his whole being. His prayer was intense. Prayer is not required to be deeply emotional. Nor is it meant only for “important” topics. However, prayer should never be apathetic or directed to anyone other than God. Prayer should always be focused and wholehearted. When Jesus prayed in the garden of Gethsemane, His praying was focused and so intense that He fell on His face (Matthew 26:39), prayed earnestly, and “his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground” (Luke 22:44). His disciples, on the other hand, fell asleep when they should have been praying (Matthew 26:40–41). Earlier, Jesus had told His disciples “a parable to the effect that they ought always to pray and not lose heart” (Luke 18:1).

We can learn from David and Jesus what it truly means to lift our souls to the Lord in prayer.

Context Summary
Psalm 25:1–7 reveals David’s trust in the Lord in a time of intense danger. He waits on the Lord to keep him from falling into disgrace at the hands of his foes. Parallel to this, Psalm 37:1–11 contains David’s counsel about trusting the Lord and waiting on Him. He assures his readers that the Lord will destroy evildoers but reward the righteous. Psalm 40:1–5 also records the value David found in waiting on the Lord for deliverance from danger and distress.

Verse 2. O my God, in you I trust;let me not be put to shame;let not my enemies exult over me.

Apparently, David is facing a perilous situation as he prays. However, he knows God is not distant, impersonal, or unapproachable. He calls him “my God.” This declaration of his personal relationship with God resembles David’s statement in Psalm 23:1: “The LORD is my shepherd.” David knew his God was trustworthy even in life’s most dangerous times.

He asks the Lord to keep him from being victimized by his enemies. David does not want his enemies to disgrace him and boast about what they had done to him. David writes that he trusts in his God. Although David was no stranger to battle, he realized that trust in the Lord is the most effective weapon to employ against an enemy. Jesus said, “Apart from me you can do nothing” (John 15:5). Among the pieces of armor Scripture lists for gaining victory over the Devil is the shield of faith (Ephesians 6:16).

Verse 3. Indeed, none who wait for you shall be put to shame;they shall be ashamed who are wantonly treacherous.

Here David expresses his confidence that the Lord will come to his assistance. He will not allow David’s foes to triumph over him and thereby disgrace him. David also includes all who hope in the Lord and await the fulfillment of His promises as being protected from disgrace by the Lord. To the contrary, the Lord will put to shame all those who treacherously oppose the righteous without provocation.

In all periods of history believers may trust the Lord to vindicate them and upset the treacherous plans of their opponents. The story of Job demonstrates this truth. The Devil schemed to destroy Job’s faith by hurling all kinds of trials at him, including the ordeal of Job’s wife suggesting that he curse God and die (Job 2:9). But ultimately God vindicated Job. He rebuked Job’s so-called friends for judging him (Job 42:7), and he called Job “his servant” (Job 42:7, 8), and blessed “the latter days of Job more than his beginning” (Job 42:12).

Even those who do not live—on earth—to see their vindication have confidence that God is in control and working all things for a good end (Hebrews 11:13–16).

Verse 4. Make me to know your ways, O Lord;teach me your paths.

Life is a journey, not a single step. This is something David’s words recognize with clarity. In this psalm he uses the word “way” four times and “path” twice.

Wisely, David does not lean on his own wisdom for direction in life. Rather, he asks the Lord for guidance. His prayer honors the counsel given in Proverbs 3:5–6. These verses state: “Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.” Making our own plans rather than seeking and following God’s plans can lead to disaster. Proverbs 14:12 insists, “There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death.”

Similarly, the apostle James writes: “Come now, you who say, ‘Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit’—yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring…Instead you ought to say, ‘If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that’” (James 4:13–15).

Verse 5. Lead me in your truth and teach me,for you are the God of my salvation;for you I wait all the day long.

Here continues David’s prayer, now asking the Lord to lead him in God’s truth and to teach him. Prayer and Scripture were both important to David.

We cannot go astray if we look to the Lord in prayer and obey His Word. Psalm 119:105 states, “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.” We find guidance in Scripture for the next step as well as for life’s long journey. As a righteous Hebrew, David knew that God had delivered His precepts and promises to the people of Israel to keep them in the path of blessing (Deuteronomy 27—30). He knew, too, that God had promised to make Joshua’s way successful if Joshua obeyed the Book of the Law (Joshua 1:7–8).

In Psalm 25:5 David calls God his Savior and states that he always waits on Him. Despite the pressures of life, including vicious opposition, David endured by anticipating help from the Lord.

Verse 6. Remember your mercy, O Lord, and your steadfast love,for they have been from of old.

In this verse David reflects upon Jehovah’s favors and love, and observes that they have existed “from of old.” “Of old” can be literally translated as “from ancient times” or “from eternity.” God has always shown mercy and love, but also, He has always been merciful and loving. These attributes are part of His nature. Likely, David wrote these words while recalling specific instances when God revealed His mercy and love to Israel and to himself.

In his song of redemption following the Red Sea crossing, Moses referred to both God’s mercy and love. He exulted: “You have led in your steadfast love the people whom you have redeemed” (Exodus 15:13). Psalm 106 provides clear evidence of God’s steadfast love and mercy by telling how He came to Israel’s assistance despite that nation’s rebellion. The first verse calls upon Israel to “Praise the LORD! Oh give thanks to the LORD, for he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever!”

Verse 7. Remember not the sins of my youth or my transgressions;according to your steadfast love remember me,for the sake of your goodness, O Lord!

David prays about those things he does not want the Lord to remember, as opposed to those he does want Him to remember. Naturally, David does not want the Lord to remember the sins he committed as a young man. These sins probably included both sins of omission and sins of commission. Because David knew God is merciful and loving, he appeals to Him for pardon.

Youth is certainly a time when passions are strongest and restraint is weakest. In his reply to his critic Zophar, Job said, “You write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth” (Job 13:26). In his second letter to Timothy, the apostle Paul exhorts Timothy: “Flee youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart” (2 Timothy 2:22). While it might seem easier to err in our youth, temptation does not stop when we grow old. But all who put their faith in God, whether young or old, can be triumphant over the temptation to sin. Psalm 119:9 counsels: “How can a young man keep his way pure? By guarding it according to your word.”

Verse 8. Good and upright is the Lord;therefore he instructs sinners in the way.

David acknowledges that the Lord is good and morally correct. For those who trust in Him, He never does anything eternally hurtful, but always what is in our best interest. His words and deeds are always right, therefore we can trust God at all times and in every situation. He is so good and upright that He guides sinners to salvation and a life of righteousness.

Isaiah depicts all human beings as sheep wandering away from God (Isaiah 53:6). But in love God provided the way back to Him through Jesus’ redemptive work on the cross. Isaiah 53:6 also says, “the LORD has laid on him [Jesus, the Lamb of God] the iniquity of us all.” Although the Lord delights to guide sinners to salvation, many are unwilling to receive His instruction. Jesus wept over Jerusalem and lamented, “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!” (Matthew 23:37).

Context Summary
Psalm 25:8–14 was written by David about the character of God. He expresses the fact that it is wise to trust in God. David trusted God when life seemed tenuous. His foes made treacherous plans to disgrace him, but David trusted God to deliver him, forgive him, and guide him through life. Ephesians 2:8–10 is a companion passage. It teaches that God has a plan for all whom he saves.

Verse 9. He leads the humble in what is right,and teaches the humble his way.

God leads the humble to do what is right and teaches the humble His truths. In this context, being “humble” or “meek” does not mean being timid, weak, or shy. It refers to strength under control. C. S. Lewis quipped that “humble” people do not think less of themselves, rather they are people who think of themselves less.

Self-will and pride mark unbelievers, but converted sinners realize they cannot journey through life without God’s guidance. The journey presents too many dangers and uncertainties. Therefore, the humble rely on God for direction, and they are not disappointed. Psalm 32:8 counsels us to receive instruction, and the following verse advises us not to be like a horse or mule that lacks understanding and must be forced to submit to the owner’s control.

Echoing these sentiments, James 4:6 assures us that “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” James 4:10 promises, “Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will exalt you.” Humility is not always held in high esteem in modern culture, but it is a virtue God honors and should characterize all who want to obtain a better knowledge of God and His way.

Verse 10. All the paths of the Lord are steadfast love and faithfulness,for those who keep his covenant and his testimonies.

The Lord’s way of dealing with those who humbly obey Him is characterized by never-ending care and faithfulness. David had witnessed the Lord’s love and faithfulness in his own life. The Lord had protected him countless times when David faced imminent danger. Even when he was a shepherd boy, David had experienced the Lord’s protection from a bear and a lion (1 Samuel 17:34–35). Later, in love and faithfulness, the Lord had given David a decisive victory over Goliath (1 Samuel 17:49–51). He had also given him victory over the Philistines (1 Samuel 23:5) and kept him safe when Saul tried to kill him (1 Samuel 18:11).

In the midst of Lamentations, the writer observes: “The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases; his mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning; great is your faithfulness” (Lamentations 3:22–23). Believers can never exhaust the Lord’s love and faithfulness because He will never leave us or forsake us (Hebrews 13:5–6).

Verse 11. For your name ‘s sake, O Lord,pardon my guilt, for it is great.

In this verse we read that David asked the Lord to forgive him. He confesses that his guilt is great. He asks for forgiveness for the Lord’s name’s sake; that is, so the Lord’s mercy and love may be shown. Keeping in mind that David was a man after God’s own heart (Acts 13:22), he still knew he was a sinner, whose load of guilt was heavy. He also knew the Lord is merciful and delights in steadfast love (Micah 7:18).

The apostle Paul considered himself the foremost sinner, but he testified that he had received mercy for the Lord’s sake. He wrote in 1 Timothy 1:16: “But I received mercy for this reason, that in me, as the foremost, Jesus Christ might display his perfect patience as an example to those who were to believe in him for eternal life.”

We should never minimize our sin. At the same time, we should never minimize the Lord’s willingness to forgive our sin. First John 1:9 states: “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.”

Verse 12. Who is the man who fears the Lord?Him will he instruct in the way that he should choose.

The Lord teaches those who reverence Him what His plan is for their lives. Faithful believers do not have to wonder what kind of life the Lord has carved out for them. The Bible contains plenty of instructions, warnings, and principles that are intended to steer us in the right direction (2 Timothy 3:16–17). We also have the guidance of the Holy Spirit (John 16:7–11).

Obeying God’s Word is essential to a productive, effective life. When the Lord appointed Joshua to lead the people of Israel into the Promised Land, He told Joshua to meditate on the Book of the Law day and night and to be careful to obey it (Joshua 1:8). He promised that good success would result from Joshua’s obedience to the Law. It is also important to commit one’s body as a living sacrifice to God and to be transformed by the renewing of the mind (Romans 12:1–2). The reason for such a sacrifice of body and mind is stated in verse 2: “that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.”

Verse 13. His soul shall abide in well-being,and his offspring shall inherit the land.

God’s will for our lives includes obedience to His commands. While there are no guarantees of success or fortune, obeying and honoring His will gives us the best chance at happiness. The Lord promises spiritual blessing to the person who reverences the Lord.

Further, He promises the descendants of the person who reverences Him will possesses the land; that is, Canaan, the Promised Land. These promises call to mind what the Lord commanded the people of Israel, “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you” (Exodus 20:12). In Deuteronomy 4:1–14 the Lord promised that those who kept His covenant would receive blessing and the privilege of passing along the covenant promises to the next generation. While the literal promises of physical land were meant only for the nation of Israel, the implications of that idea carry on for all Christians. This is a recurring theme in the fourth chapter of Hebrews.

In his letter to the Ephesians, the apostle Paul instructed children to obey their parents in the Lord (Ephesians 6:1–3). He wrote, “(this is the first commandment with a promise), ‘that it may go well with you and that you may live long in the land.’”

There is a correlation between reverence for the Lord and well-being in Psalm 25:13 that is readily apparent today. The person who fears the Lord refuses to abuse his body because he recognizes it is the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19). He abstains from habit-forming drugs and harmful practices and, therefore, is more likely to maintain good health. Generally speaking, his children follow his good example and enjoy personal well-being.

Verse 14. The friendship of the Lord is for those who fear him,and he makes known to them his covenant.

The Lord draws those who fear Him into the close bonds of friendship, and He will share His covenant with them. The Bible presents every person with a choice. He or she must choose to serve the Lord or to disobey Him.

In his old age Joshua summoned the people of Israel together and reminded them of this choice. He challenged them to “fear the LORD and serve him in sincerity and in faithfulness. Put away the gods your fathers served beyond the [Euphrates] River and in Egypt, and serve the LORD” (Joshua 24:14). Then Joshua called for a decision. He demanded, “Choose this day whom you will serve,” declaring, “But as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD” (Joshua 24:15).

Jesus cited obedience to His commandments as the prerequisite to friendship with Him. He said, “You are my friends if you do what I command you” (John 15:14). James 2:23 says, “‘Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness’—and he was called a friend of God.” Among other acts of obedience and faith, Abraham reverenced God so much that he willingly obeyed God’s command to offer Isaac, his son whom God had promised would be Abraham’s heir, on the altar (James 2:21–22; Genesis 22; Hebrews 11:17–19)). God stopped Abraham from killing Isaac and provided a ram as a sacrifice instead. It is a privilege to be called God’s children, but only those who obey Him can be rightfully called His friends.

Verse 15. My eyes are ever toward the Lord,for he will pluck my feet out of the net.

David looks to the Lord constantly for safety. He believes his enemy has set a trap for him, but he is certain the Lord will help him escape. Though we don’t face the exact same earthly threats as David, believers in every period of history face the same dangerous enemy: the Devil. He prowls around like a ferocious lion, looking for someone to devour (1 Peter 5:8). The evil world system is another enemy that tries to snare believers. The apostle John warned believers not to love the world or what is in the world. The evil world system uses the desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride of life as nets that entangle believers (1 John 2:15–17).

Prayer is an effective resource which believers can employ to overcome the enemy. After describing the pieces of armor believers need to wear as they battle the Devil and his cohorts, the apostle Paul exhorts us to be “praying at all times in the Spirit, with all prayer and supplication” (Ephesians 6:18).

Context Summary
Psalm 25:15–22 records more of David’s prayer. He is facing multiple dangers, but he trusts the Lord to deliver him. In this regard, his plea resembles that of his prayer for deliverance in Psalm 22. The concluding section of Psalm 25 naturally follows David’s description of the Lord’s steadfast love and mercy. The Lord cares for those who obey Him, so He will not disappoint David in David’s time of great need.

Verse 16. Turn to me and be gracious to me,for I am lonely and afflicted.

David needed the Lord’s friendship especially because he felt lonely and distressed. His sons had turned against him (2 Samuel 15:13–15), and Ahithophel, his friend and counselor, had also turned against him (2 Samuel 15:31). However, David knew the Lord would not abandon him. Loneliness is common, but it can be very distressing, especially if circumstances are harsh. In Psalm 23 David expressed his confidence that God was present with him even as David walked through the valley of the shadow of death.

Now, in Psalm 25, he is facing dark shadows—dangerous circumstances—and therefore needs a fresh sense of the Lord’s presence. The patriarch Joseph must have felt lonely in Egypt. He was far from the comfort of his father Jacob’s home, and he was in prison, but the Lord was with him (Genesis 39:21, 23). Regardless of how distressing circumstances are for God’s people, they cannot force God to forsake us (Romans 8:35–39). He is with us always as our closest friend.

Verse 17. The troubles of my heart are enlarged;bring me out of my distresses.

Feeling overwhelmed, David asks the Lord to deliver him from his distresses. Instead of wallowing in self-pity, David turns to God for help. A believer may feel so burdened with care and so anxious about his problems that he may toss and turn all night. However, instead of tossing and turning in bed, he can turn his troubles over to the Lord, as David did, and toss them onto the shoulders of the Great High Priest. First Peter 5:7 talks about “casting” our anxieties on God because He cares for us.

Hebrews 4:16 encourages us to draw near to the throne of grace with confidence in order to receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need. Writing to the Philippian Christians while under arrest and chained to Roman guards, the apostle Paul exhorted his readers to rejoice in the Lord. He wrote, “The Lord is at hand; do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 4:5–7). Long before Paul addressed the Philippians, David applied the perfect prescription for peace.

Verse 18. Consider my affliction and my trouble,and forgive all my sins.

Perhaps David attributed his suffering to his past sins. In this verse he asks God to forgive all his sins. David was keenly aware of his sins, but he was equally aware of God’s power to forgive. Sin can steal a believer’s peace and joy. It can also lead to physical suffering as chastisement from the Lord.

In his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul noted that some of the Corinthians were weak and ill because they were violating the sacredness of the Lord’s Supper. Some of the sinning Corinthians had even died because the Lord had judged them (see 1 Corinthians 11:27–30). However, not all sickness and suffering is due to sin. The Lord allowed Paul to suffer to keep him humble and dependent on Him ( In his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul noted that some of the Corinthians were weak and ill because they were violating the sacredness of the Lord’s Supper. Some of the sinning Corinthians had even died because the Lord had judged them (see 1 Corinthians 11:27–30). However, not all sickness and suffering is due to sin. The Lord allowed Paul to suffer to keep him humble and dependent on Him (2 Corinthians12:7–9). When Jesus and His disciples passed by a certain man who was born blind, the disciples asked Jesus, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” (John 9:2). Jesus replied that the blindness was not due to sin, “but that the works of God might be displayed in him” (John 9:3).

Verse 19. Consider how many are my foes,and with what violent hatred they hate me.

David feared for his life because his enemies were numerous. The specific occasion is not revealed, but we may be certain it posed a formidable threat. David felt so fiercely hated that he described the hatred as “violent.” This word implies injustice and cruelty. David had done nothing to merit such aggressive treatment. As his enemies increased, David became increasingly alarmed, but he turned the situation over to the Lord.

In Exodus 14 we read that the Lord delivered His people from an impossible situation. The Egyptian army prepared to pounce on the fleeing Hebrews, but the Lord came to the defense of His people. We read in verse 24, “And in the morning watch the LORD in the pillar of fire and of cloud looked down on the Egyptian forces and threw the Egyptian forces into a panic, clogging their chariot wheels.” Later in the chapter we learn that the Lord drowned all the Egyptians in the sea but gave the Hebrews dry passage through the sea. The Lord was also able to deliver David from his enemies.

Verse 20. Oh, guard my soul, and deliver me!Let me not be put to shame, for I take refuge in you.

In this verse David asks the Lord to keep his soul safe and deliver him from the pressing danger. His prayer is similar to what the Lord taught His disciples—and us—to pray: “Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil” (Matthew 6:13). David requests freedom from disgrace. He knew his enemies wanted to defeat him and thereby disgrace him in the eyes of the people of Israel. Nevertheless, David relied on the Lord to be his safe retreat.

Jesus assured His disciples that the evil world system would persecute them but He would protect them. He said: “In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world” (John 16:33). Satan wants to disgrace believers, but if we rely on the Lord for protection, Satan cannot win. James tells us to humble ourselves, knowing that God gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). He urges us to place ourselves in God’s hands to obtain victory over our fiercest enemy, the Devil. James 4:7 tells us: “Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.”

Verse 21. May integrity and uprightness preserve me,for I wait for you.

David refers to integrity and uprightness as the attributes that will preserve him. We do not know whether he was referring to his own attributes or to the Lord’s. Certainly, David exhibited both integrity and uprightness (Psalm 7:8; 26:1, 11; 41:12). His enemies were trying to discredit him, but the Lord knew David was righteous. However, in this verse, David may have been appealing to the Lord’s integrity and uprightness, not his own.

David certainly could trust the Lord to do what was right and keep him safe. Once again, David states in this verse that he was waiting on the Lord. The word “wait” indicates that David was trustfully expecting the Lord to fulfill His promises. Perhaps he was thinking of the promises the Lord had made to him in his covenant:, to make a great name for David, to give him rest from his enemies, to give him a heritage, and to establish his kingdom forever (a messianic promise) (2 Samuel 7:9–16).

Verse 22. Redeem Israel, O God,out of all his troubles.

David’s prayer included intercession. He prayed not only for his own deliverance but also for Israel’s deliverance. He prayed, “Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.” Interestingly, this psalm is an acrostic which uses a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet for the beginning of each line. However, this verse begins with the same Hebrew letter that David used to begin verse 16. Perhaps verse 22 was added so the psalm could be used in Israel’s worship times.

Israel’s troubles have been severe through the ages as anti-Semitic violence has flared up often. However, God has preserved Israel, even when Haman tried to destroy the Jews in Persia, an incident recorded in the book of Esther. God even saved a remnant of the Jewish people when Nazi Germany tried to exterminate the Jews. God turned the tables on Haman and enabled the Jewish people to survive the Holocaust.

Also, God plans to revive Israel in the end time and restore her to Himself as His redeemed people. Zechariah predicts: “On that day there shall be a fountain opened for the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, to cleanse them from sin and uncleanness” (Zechariah 13:1). Verses 8 and 9 foretell that the Lord will keep a remnant of Jews alive in the tribulation period. He will bring them through the fire and refine them. Then they will call on His name, and He will answer them and call them “my people” (Zechariah 13:8–9). He will answer David’s prayer for Israel.

End of Psalm 25

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