Down to Earth But Heavenly Minded

What does Revelation Chapter 6 mean?

The first few chapters of Revelation present a certain level of symbolism. Chapter 6 marks something of a change, as the imagery will become more and more elaborate. This reliance on symbolism must be kept in mind when reading and interpreting John’s vision. Not all of the descriptions in Revelation are meant to be understood in absolutely literal terms; not all are meant to be understood symbolically. In some cases, it seems John is describing literal events using dramatic, poetic language. Context and caution are useful in knowing which passages fall into which category.

Revelation 6 opens with Jesus—the Lamb (Revelation 5:5–7)—beginning to open the seven seals on a scroll containing God’s judgment on sin (Revelation 5:1–2). The first seal is opened, and one of the four living creatures around God’s throne (Revelation 4:6–8) shouts out a command. John then sees a rider on a white horse, wearing a crown and carrying a bow. His power is conquering, and this figure is most often associated with the Antichrist (Revelation 13:1–10): some sort of political leader who will drastically oppose God during the tribulation. The chaos which ensues after this rider means that this is not Jesus, who will return separately much later in the end times (Revelation 19:11–16; 20:4), establishing a kingdom of peace. The rider described here has a different role in these prophesied events (Revelation 6:1–2).

The second seal results in another shout from one of the angelic living creatures, and a second rider. This horse is red and is associated with war. This complements the first rider’s power of conquering—though the warfare predicted here might be a response to this world leader, rather than the way he rises to power (Revelation 6:3–4).

The third seal again brings a command from one of the living creatures and another horseman. This horse is black, and the rider carries a set of scales: balances meant to carefully weigh things. This immediately suggests scarcity: people typically are careful to make precise measurement of things which are scarce or precious. Another voice, not identified, indicates that what is scarce is food, referring to wheat and barley. The quantities of grain and money are both typical for one day: this suggests famine, where people are struggling to make ends meet. On the other hand, finer things like oil and wine are not “harmed,” implying that the rich and powerful are somewhat insulated from this particular disaster (Revelation 6:5–6). The fourth seal and command bring a horse described using the Greek word chlōros. This is used elsewhere in the Bible to describe grass and plants: a yellowish green (Mark 6:39; Revelation 8:7; 9:4). While healthy in plants, in living flesh this is the color of infection and decay. It’s translated as “pale” in many English translations to distinguish it from the first, white horse, and to evoke the imagery of the rider: Death. Death is followed by Hades: in this context, a reference to the unseen spiritual world. Whether this horseman’s effects are separate from the other three, or coordinated, his impact is horrific. War, famine, disease, wild animals, and so forth kill a fourth of people of earth (Revelation 6:7–8).

The fifth seal brings a contrast to the first four. There is no shout or command. There also seems to be no particular effect on earth at the opening of this particular seal. Rather, John sees martyrs at the altar of heaven; these seem to be those killed during the tribulation, making them believers who came to Christ after the rapture. Chapter 7’s description of those “sealed” by God most likely includes this group. These martyrs praise and acknowledge God, while begging Him to avenge their deaths. God’s response is for them to wait, since there are others yet to be martyred for proclaiming Christ (Revelation 6:9–11).

The sixth seal describes some colossal series of natural disasters. John’s description here evokes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, meteor showers, pollution or blockage of the sky, and even atmospheric disruptions. These events are so dire that even the rich and powerful cower in fear. Interestingly, the people of earth acknowledge that these events are the result of the wrath of God. The disaster is so terrifying that even those who suppress the truth of God (Romans 1:18–25) are compelled to admit what is really happening (Revelation 6:12–17).

Chapter 7 continues the events which happen after the opening of the sixth seal.

Chapter Context
The largest section of Revelation extends from chapter 4 to the end and describes events ”that are to take place after this” (Revelation 1:19). Chapter 5 focused on a scroll containing God’s judgment on sin and a search for someone to open it. Only Jesus is worthy to open it. When Jesus took the scroll from God, He received praise from every creature in heaven and on earth. Now, in chapter 6 our attention focuses on the events that transpire when Jesus opens six of the seven seals, one at a time. This process will continue through chapter 8.

Verse by Verse

Verse 1. Now I watched when the Lamb opened one of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures say with a voice like thunder, “Come!”

In this verse John watches as the Lamb of God opens the first of seven seals. We learn from chapter 5 that Jesus is the Lamb and He alone has the moral and legal right to open the scroll that He took from God’s right hand (Revelation 5:5–7). Further, He alone is worthy to open the seven seals that kept the scroll shut.

When the Lamb removes the first seal, one of the four living creatures (Revelation 4:6–8) shouts in a thunderous voice. It is a command, to the first horseman, to come forth. Revelation 6 will continue by showing that the opening of each of the first four seals is followed by a living creature’s command to come. As the horsemen respond, calamitous judgments fall on the earth.

When the apostle Paul preached in Athens, he announced that God has set a day when He will judge the world in righteousness by a man whom He has appointed. Paul identified that man as the one whom God raised from the dead, meaning Jesus (Acts 17:31). During the events described in Revelation 6, the time of judgment at Jesus’ hands has come.

Context Summary
Revelation 6:1–8 introduces John’s vision of Jesus, the Lamb, opening the first four of seven seals. He also heard one of the four living creatures issue the thunderous command, ”Come!” What John saw next was the first calamity to strike the earth in the tribulation: seven years of judgment following the rapture of the church. There is no way to know whether the four horsemen follow each other sequentially or ride forth simultaneously. If they follow each other sequentially, we cannot know how much time elapses between their rides. The judgments appear to belong to the first half of the tribulation. However, some interpreters believe the sixth seal may be an exception.

Verse 2. And I looked, and behold, a white horse! And its rider had a bow, and a crown was given to him, and he came out conquering, and to conquer.

This is the result of Jesus opening the first of seven seals, securing a scroll containing God’s judgment on sin (Revelation 5:1–7). John describes the first horseman as riding a white horse and carrying a bow. He received a crown, and he conquered. Interpreters vary on the identity of this rider.

Some believe this rider is Christ, because he rides a white horse and wears a crown. However, the surrounding context eliminates this possibility. When Christ returns to earth, He does so at the end of the tribulation, not at the beginning, and He introduces a thousand years of peace and security (Revelation 19:11–13; 20:4). Conditions that follow the rider on this white horse are chaotic, not calm.

Some believe the rider is the world leader identified in Revelation 13:1–10, who receives worldwide homage and worship. Others believe he is the king of the North referred to in Daniel 8:23–25, because barbarians to the north of Palestine were feared for their skillful use of the bow. The Daniel reference to “the king of the north (Daniel 11)” is usually interpreted as pointing to the Russian invader (Ezekiel 38:1–9).

The heavy symbolism and poetry of Revelation should inspire caution. Readers should not be dogmatic about the first horseman’s identity, because the Bible does not identify him by name.

Verse 3. When he opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature say, “Come!”

We read in this verse that when the Lamb opens the second seal (Revelation 5:1–7), the second living creature issues the command to come forth.

In this passage, every time a seal is broken, John sees what transpires on earth. This begs the question: can people in heaven see what is happening on earth? This is also suggested by statements such as Jesus saying there is rejoicing in heaven over one sinner that repents (Luke 15:10). But do the angels actually see the sinner repent, or is the repentance reported to them? Hebrews 12:1 states that we are surrounded by a great cloud of “witnesses.” Some suggest these witnesses behold our lives from heaven. However, that verse refers to the believers cited in Hebrews chapter 11; it implies that those examples are evidence—witnesses—of the truth being explained in that passage. In addition, we do not know that John was literally in heaven at this point. He may have beheld what was transpiring on earth in a vision he received from the Holy Spirit.

We can be sure, though, that God sees everything that transpires on earth because “no creature is hidden from his sight, but all are naked and exposed to the eyes of him to whom we must give account” (Hebrews 4:13).

Verse 4. And out came another horse, bright red. Its rider was permitted to take peace from the earth, so that people should slay one another, and he was given a great sword.

The rider on the red horse responds to the command to come and receives permission to take peace from the earth. Apparently, a measure of international peace will prevail at the beginning of the tribulation. Paul warned that “while people are saying, ‘There is peace and security,’ then sudden destruction will come upon them” (1 Thessalonians 5:3).

The “great sword” mentioned in this verse is referred to as megalē machaira in the original Greek. The term machaira could refer to a large knife or a cutting weapon. John’s description here calls to mind the gladius, the stocky two-sided sword employed by Roman foot soldiers. Many interpreters take this to mean the Roman Empire is in view in this verse. The Romans had established Pax Romana, Peace of Rome, throughout its empire, however later the empire experienced internal strife and finally collapsed. Then, it was overrun by barbarians.

Others see the reference to war here as more future-oriented, beyond even the centuries following John’s writing. According to this interpretation, the war and mayhem symbolized here are part of the tribulation itself. This is the most common, and most consistent interpretation.

The color of the second horse is red, which is the color of blood. It symbolizes slaughter that follows the absence of peace. In this verse, civil war is probably in mind: people slaying one another with the sword. This description of human slaughter following the first horseman seems to rule out the interpretation that Christ is the rider portrayed in verse 1.

Verse 5. When he opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, “Come!” And I looked, and behold, a black horse! And its rider had a pair of scales in his hand.

In response to the third living creature’s command to come, a rider on a black horse emerged. He carried a pair of scales. The color black suggests starvation and death, and the scales suggest something was going to be weighed, judged, or measured. Scales have long been used as a symbol for judgment. The previous verse explains that people on earth engage in killing one another when the second seal is opened, so it is not surprising that widespread famine would follow this horrific event.

Death is an enemy that affects all mankind (Hebrews 9:27), but by His sacrificial death on the cross Jesus vanquished death and made it possible for those who believe in Him to have everlasting life (Romans 6:23). First John 5:11–12 makes it clear that eternal life is God’s gift and indicates that “whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.” Physical death is inescapable except for believers who are alive at the time of the rapture, but by His death Jesus removed the sting of death (1 Corinthians 15:54–57).

Verse 6. And I heard what seemed to be a voice in the midst of the four living creatures, saying, “A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius, and do not harm the oil and wine!”

In this verse John writes that he heard what seemed to be a voice coming from the midst of the four living creatures (Revelation 4:6–8). The voice announced that a quart of wheat was selling for a denarius and three quarts of barley cost a denarius. Symbolically, this passage seems to indicate a common experience in real-world crises: war and famine give way to inflation due to supply and demand.

A denarius in the first century was usually equal to a day’s wages, and the amount of grain given here is just enough to keep a person alive. These are also the commodities of the common person: basic staples for living. The implication seems to be that most people in this part of the tribulation are struggling just to meet their basic survival needs. This is the kind of poverty which threatens a person’s life, not merely their lifestyle.

However, the voice from the midst of the four living creatures also commanded, “Do not harm the oil and wine!” Oil and wine, in this context, are less crucial supplies, making them a form of minor luxury. The implication that these are not harmed might suggest that wealthy people would not be hurt by the economic or inflationary catastrophe. According to Revelation 13:16–17, the false prophet in Jerusalem will control commerce during the tribulation, making it extremely difficult for tribulation believers to purchase even basic commodities.

Verse 7. When he opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature say, “Come!”

When the Lamb opened the fourth seal, the fourth living creature (Revelation 4:6–8) said, “Come!” It is noteworthy that each command to come brings an immediate response from a rider. Certainly, these horsemen are messengers of Satan to hurt and damage the inhabitants of earth, but their actions fulfill God’s will to judge unbelievers.

Throughout history, Satan has tried to damage God’s creation, especially God’s people. At times, this involvement has been through temptation, indirect influence, and other means (1 Peter 3:8). He plotted to persuade Adam and Eve to sin and thereby experience death and corrupt the human race (Genesis 3:1–7). He drew humanity into constant evil in the time of Noah, prompting God to destroy the earth with a flood (Genesis 6:5). He tried to wipe out Israel during the captivity in Egypt (Exodus 1:8–22) and in the time of Esther (Esther 3:5–6). His evil attempts to destroy God’s plan to bring redemption through Jesus included Herod’s slaughter of the Hebrew children (Matthew 2:16–18) and various efforts to destroy Jesus before He voluntarily died on the cross for our sins (Matthew 4:1–11; Luke 4:29–30; John 10:39). No doubt, Satan delighted to see the damage and destruction inflicted by the four horsemen of Revelation 6.

Verse 8. And I looked, and behold, a pale horse! And its rider ‘s name was Death, and Hades followed him. And they were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by wild beasts of the earth.

The fourth rider John saw was named Death. The horse on which he rode is given an eerie description by John. While many English translations use terms such as “pale” or “ashen,” the original language describes this horse’s color as chlōros. This is a yellow-tinged green, the same word to describe the color of the grass on which the 5,000 sat to be fed by Jesus (Mark 6:39). The same color word also appears in Revelation 8:7 and 9:4. Applied to something like a horse, this color suggests decaying flesh.

Death and Hades, the unseen world, follow this fourth rider, claiming its victims. The damage this rider causes is staggering. One fourth of the world’s population die in this judgment. They fall victim to the sword, likely in civil war and infighting, starvation, pestilence, and savage animals. Based on current world populations, this death toll would be nearly two billion. Obviously, the tribulation is a dreadful time of judgment on the wicked. We believers ought to be thankful that God has delivered us from the wrath to come (1 Thessalonians 1:10).

Verse 9. When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the witness they had borne.

In this verse we learn that, when the fifth seal was opened, John saw the souls of martyrs under the altar. The most common interpretation of this passage holds that these are the martyrs who believe on Christ as Savior during the first half of the tribulation. These, then, would be people who come to faith in Christ after the rapture of the church. These souls are likely connected to, or the same as, the believers “sealed” in Revelation chapter 7.

John saw the martyrs’ souls “under the altar” in heaven. Their bodies awaited resurrection at the return of Jesus to the earth (Daniel 12:1–2). The martyrs’ place under the altar indicates that they had sacrificed their lives as an act of worship to God. Exodus 29:12 instructed the Old Testament priests to pour out most of the blood of a sacrificial bull at the base of the altar of sacrifice, so it is not surprising to find the martyrs under the altar.

These believers were martyred because they held fast to the Scriptures and shared the gospel with others. Marshaled under Satan, hostile unbelievers have always aggressively opposed believers. History includes many accounts of evil cultures taking the lives of God’s people. Such hatred of believers will reach a boiling point in the tribulation.

Context Summary
Revelation 6:9–11 continues a description of what will happen when Jesus—the Lamb—opens the seven seals. This section relates specifically what happens when the fifth seal is opened. The four horsemen of the first four seals inflict severe pain and turmoil on the earth; verse 9 introduces a group that experience martyrdom for their faith and witness. Although their bodies succumb to death, their souls live on. The apostle John saw their souls under the altar in heaven, and he heard them cry out to God for vengeance. He also heard God’s response to their prayer and saw Him give each soul a white robe.

Verse 10. They cried out with a loud voice, “O Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long before you will judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?”

The prior verse mentioned souls who had been slain for their witness of the Word of God. According to this verse, the souls under the altar cry out for vengeance. They ask God how long it will be before He judges and takes vengeance on those who shed the martyrs’ blood.

Their prayer may be classified as an imprecatory prayer, a prayer that calls for vengeance. This kind of prayer is recorded in Scriptures such as 2 Chronicles 24:22; Psalms 54:5; 68:22–23; 79:6; and 143:12. This connection, and chapter 7’s description of believers “sealed” by God, suggests these martyrs are Jewish believers converted during the time of the tribulation, not present-era Christians. Believers of the present, the “church age,” are told to respond to maltreatment with kindness. When Stephen, a church-age believer, was being martyred, he exemplified the manner in which Christians ought to respond to maltreatment. He cried out loudly, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them.” (Acts 7:60).

The souls under the altar recognize God’s absolute right to have allowed their martyrdom. They address him as “Sovereign.” They also attest to His holy character. Being holy, God cannot commit any wrongdoing. Therefore, God did nothing wrong in allowing their martyrdom. Further, they address God as “true,” literally, “perfect.” He did not, nor could He, make any mistake in allowing these tribulation believers to be martyred.

Verse 11. Then they were each given a white robe and told to rest a little longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brothers should be complete, who were to be killed as they themselves had been.

In response to the martyrs’ question about how long it would be before God avenged their shed blood, God gave each of them a white robe and told them to rest a little longer. God would delay His vengeance until the number of future martyrs was complete. When will vengeance take place? Revelation 19:11–15 makes it clear that it will occur when Jesus returns to earth in a blaze of glory.

The martyrs’ white robes signify their purity. The robes were likely long, flowing robes, the kind that was worn at celebrations. The angel who sat near the open tomb after Jesus had risen from the dead was wearing a white robe (Mark 16:5). Perhaps the angel’s robe signified he was celebrating Jesus’ victory at Calvary and His subsequent resurrection. Also, the robe the prodigal’s father gave him when he returned home was a described as “the best,” making it a symbol of honor and praise (Luke 15:22). The father was ready to celebrate his wayward son’s restoration (Luke 15:23–24).

Verse 12. When he opened the sixth seal, I looked, and behold, there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black as sackcloth, the full moon became like blood,

This verse tells us the first phenomenon John saw and heard when Jesus (Revelation 5:6–8) opened the sixth seal. He said a great shaking occurred, a total eclipse of the sun took place, and the moon turned bloodlike. Since the description of the four horsemen (Revelation 6:1–11) seems more of a metaphor than a prediction of four actual riders, some think this verse represents political, civil, and social chaos.

On the other hand, there are reasons to take John’s vision here as a description of literal events, or at least as a reference to actual natural disasters. A horrendous shaking can occur and cause colossal earthquakes and extensive damage-causing tsunamis. Total eclipses of the sun occur regularly, though they’re not always easily-visible for most people on earth. Certain natural disasters can cause clouds of dust to block out the sun’s light from large regions. Similar conditions might cause the moon to appear various colors, including a bloody red. It is not hard to imagine the panic these events might cause, especially if they occur in close proximity to each other.

In addition, a more-literal interpretation of this particular passage seems to match the words of Jesus. In his Olivet Discourse, Jesus predicted the tribulation calamities that occur when the Lamb opens the seals. He said, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, and there will be famines and earthquakes in various places…Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and put you to death…Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light.” (Matthew 24:7–9, 29). The events that transpire under the sixth seal seem to echo Jesus’ words.

Verse 13. and the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree sheds its winter fruit when shaken by a gale.

This verse focuses on another sign Jesus predicted in his Olivet Discourse. John tells us “the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree sheds its winter fruit when shaken by a gale.” Jesus said, “The stars will fall from heaven” (Matthew 24:29). This prediction likely points to meteorite showers. This spectacular phenomenon could be visualized as a fig tree in a wind storm, as it drops its winter fruit. Isaiah 34:4 predicts this stellar event. Isaiah wrote: “All the host of heaven shall rot away, and the skies roll up like a scroll. All their host shall fall, as leaves fall from the vine, like leaves falling from the fig tree.” This connection is one reason this particular passage in Revelation seems more likely to be an actual description, rather than a symbolic one. Even taken symbolically, there seems to be an emphasis on some physical image, or event, which inspires these words.

The phrase “winter fruit” refers to unripe figs, or winter figs, which grow under the leaves of the fig tree and hang on until winter. As Jesus approached Jerusalem, He was hungry and looked for some fruit on a fig tree, but He found none. He found only leaves, but no fruit under the leaves (Matthew 21:16–19). The barren tree resembled the religious leaders of Israel: they looked spiritually healthy from a distance, but not on close examination. They produced no spiritual fruit.

Verse 14. The sky vanished like a scroll that is being rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place.

In this verse John continues his description of what he saw when the Lamb opened the sixth seal. The sky convulsed like a scroll being rolled up. The exact implication John is making here is hard to visualize. John uses the Greek word hōs, which is used for comparisons, often translated “as it were,” or “like.” So John is not implying that the air itself is literally being “split apart,” as if the atmosphere was being removed.

The earlier references to falling stars and eclipses are important to consider. Most likely, this somehow involves a blocking or cluttering of the sky, including the ability to see objects like the sun, moon, and stars. This seems to continue John’s echo of Isaiah 34:4 from the prior verse. Then again, certain natural disasters can cause massive shockwaves of moving air and wind: the sky being “split apart.” Seeing clouds racing due to storms, hurricanes, or pressure waves might fit this description as well.

That possibility coordinates with the description of each mountain and island being “removed from its place.” Earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are consistent with the idea of shaking, blocking of the sky, and even the disruption of the sky and weather patterns.

As the next verse shows, a primary result of this chaos will be terror. The people of earth, even the rich and powerful, will be so terrified that they will hide in fear. Today, when a tsunami inundates a populated area or a volcano erupts, panic results. On the news we see evidence of the destruction and panic caused by natural disasters. We can only imagine the panic that will break out when the sky vanishes like a scroll being rolled up.

Verse 15. Then the kings of the earth and the great ones and the generals and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains,

Prior verses described terrifying natural disasters associated with the Lamb opening the sixth seal of God’s judgment. According to this verse, the cataclysmic judgments unleashed terrify mankind. No one feels immune to the disasters that strike the heavens and the earth. Every rank and file of society will panic. John lists “kings of the earth and the great ones and the generals, and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave and free.” Nothing exempts those listed from suffering the judgments. The heads of governments, statesmen, military leaders, the wealthy, CEOs, industrial giants, scientists, influential figures, free citizens, and enslaved people will flee to the mountains and hide among the rocks.

In that day the powerful will be powerless to withstand God’s judgment; the wealthy will not be able to buy their way out of His judgment; and scientists will not be able to apply a scientific formula to make the judgment disappear. No influential figure will be able to persuade the Lamb to reverse His decision to unleash the calamity. The situation everyone faces will be grim and deadly!

Verse 16. calling to the mountains and rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who is seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb,

This verse shows us how dreadful the situation looks to those who experience the Lamb’s judgment. From the strongest to the weakest among them, they urge the rocks of the mountains to fall on them and hide them from God and the wrath of the Lamb. Dying in an avalanche seems better to them than experiencing God’s judgment. Although they recognize that God reigns supreme from His throne, they refuse to repent and submit to His rule.

That particular statement is important. The people of earth, at this point, know they are the objects of wrath. More specifically, that they are the objects of the wrath of Jesus Christ—the Lamb (Revelation 5:5–7). This calamity inspires all of mankind to admit, in some way, a knowledge that most suppress: that they are accountable to God.

This response agrees with other Scripture, indicating that knowledge about God does not always lead to faith in Him. Paul wrote in Romans 1 that the heathen had enough evidence in nature to know God exists, but they did not turn to Him in faith. Paul wrote: “They are without excuse. For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools” (Romans 1:20–22). Indeed, as Jeremiah 17:9 declares, “The heart is deceitful above all things.”

Verse 17. for the great day of their wrath has come, and who can stand?”

Prior verses indicated massive terror, in the face of natural disasters. Interestingly, these events seem to spur humanity to admit something typically suppressed: an admission that God is God, and that what’s happening is His judgment.

In this verse those who call upon the rocks to fall on them and hide them from God’s face and the Lamb’s wrath believe “the great day of their wrath has come.” They rightly interpret the disasters in nature as judgments from God and from Jesus Christ (Revelation 5:5–7). They identify the period of judgments as “the great day of their wrath.” The prophet Joel prophesied about this time as “the day of the LORD” (Joel 1:15). His description of the day of the Lord fits what happens with the sixth seal judgment. He cites “a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness!” (Joel 2:2). He also predicted the earth would quake, the heavens would tremble, the sun and moon would be darkened, and the stars would withdraw their light (Joel 2:10).

Those who experience the judgments described in Revelation 6:12–16 question who can stand in the day of the wrath of God and the Lamb. From their perspective, the answer seems to be “nobody.” However, their question is partially answered in Revelation chapter 7 with the sealing of 144,000 Jews saved during the tribulation. Also, Romans 8:1 promises that believers will never experience God’s wrath. It says, “There is therefore no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.”

End of Chapter 6.

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